Transcript Slide 1

AIDCO International Water
Seminar, Nairobi 2010
Rural Water Supply in Chad
20 October 2010
Michael Rourke, DUE Tchad
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Long track record……
Water in the NIP:
EDF
8; 28 M€
EDF 9; 50 (+2.5) M€ ongoing - NIP 273 M€
EDF 10, 80 (+10) M€ future - NIP 311 M€
Classic project approach since the EDF 6, also used by other donors
but besides the NIP there is also….
Regional
Solar Programme EDF 8-9 - very successful since 1990s
(+ 1 x Water Facility, 1 x Budget Lines and some involvement in projects
from other sections, CBLT)
Main other players: AfD, ADB, (KfW), UNICEF, NGOs but we are (by far)
the most significant
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!Government a minor funder only!
Evolution of access to improved
water source
(infrastructure approach)
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Chad – Regions
Libya
Niger
1000 km
Sudan
Nigeria
Chad = 1 284 000 km2
(approx 2x France)
Population 11,2 M in 2009
Cameroun
CAR
4
Satellite view (with isohyets mm)
100
500
800
1200
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Step 1: Assessing requirements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Firm strategic basis SNRP2 (2008)
and Water Master Plan
Ministry figures of rate of access to
improved supplies by region
Political and other considerations
Coordination with other donors
Prepare CF
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Step 2: Surveys, detailed
requirements
1.
2.
3.
4.
Recruit consultants to be delegated
responsibilities by the Water Ministry
Consultants dispatch teams to undertake
studies and surveys in the regions, village
by village to establish needs and eligibility
Populations from 300 to 1200 to benefit
from hand pumps) 9th EDF
Populations 1200 + to benefit (9th Reg,
10th EDF) from electric pumps + water
towers
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Step 3: Involve populations:
i) Hand pumps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pay 150.000 FCFA towards costs of construction
of borehole and pump (230 €)
Elections to establish committee to manage the
pump(s) Association of Water Users
AWU sign agreement with the Ministry and open
bank account
Collect payments and arrange for repairs when
necessary (100-250FCFA 0,15 to 0,38 € per family
per month)
Liaise with the authorities and be focal point to
disseminate information eg regarding sanitation
practices
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Typical hand pump (a)
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Typical hand pump (b)
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Step 3: Involve populations:
ii) Electric pumps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Initial contribution of 750 to 1500 € (to the maintenance
pot)
Management committee formed
Sell water by volume (0,75 to 1,15 €/m3), therefore need
monitors at all distribution points (costs about 20 % of
revenue)
Guards required, and fenced enclosure to prevent theft of
solar panels or generator (and or materials) maximum cost
40 €/ month
Regular payments to the Technical Support Group (about 10
percent of water sales)
May sign with « economic operator » to simplify
management
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Typical solar installation
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Step 4: Follow up,
reinforcement of activities
1.
2.
3.
Survey and technical teams visit
periodically, checking also on the status of
bank accounts.
Discussions may consider how the money
collected can be «re-invested » which can
create a virtuous circle…,
Can sometimes intervene before improper
use of funds occurs
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Functional organigram (governance
structure for project approach)
0RGANIGRAMME FONCTIONNEL DU PROGRAMME 9eFED
Gouvernement de la République du Tchad
DCE
Ministères
concernés par AEP,
décentralisation,
secteur privé,
associations, taxes et
douanes, marchés
publics, etc
MEPC
Min Eau
0N
Action
Direction Hydraulique
DP
AT
CN
Comptable
Délég.
Rég. Hydr.
CTD
Composante
A
MOD
composantes B et C
CCAG
Entreprises
travaux
AU E
CGPE
Population cible
Activités
composante
D
Divers
acteurs
institutionnels
Animation
Fournisseurs
pieces
Agents Min
Santé
AR
Magasins
pieces
AT 9FED - août 2006
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Lessons learned:
(i) governance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Involvement of beneficiary population is essential (financial and
otherwise)
Paying for water (preferably by volume) is essential
Minimal government role (not much choice) The government can
however effectively coordinate the donors and must be forced to do
so
NGOs (argh!!!), must be forced to liaise with the ministry to ensure
acivites are durable, to furnish data to update the statistics
Where competition from different water sources exist, try to have
one committee managing a perimeter (avoid adjacent competing
committees where possible) – decree is due
Women quite active within the committees, often treasurer,
important role to play stopping kids damaging infrastructure and
spreading word on hygiene etc (still not decision makers though)
Sanitation to be increasingly incorporated (Community Led Total
Sanitation approach promoted particularly by UNICEF)
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Lessons learned:
(ii) other considerations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Initial reluctance to convert from another « free » water source is often
overcome when people see the health benefits
For electric pumps, quite large sums can be collected, the committees can
easily build themselves structures to protect the equipment, buildings for a
social or medical purpose in close proximity. Avoid large surplusses –
decree is due. One AEP near NDjamena is already considering extending
its network to other neighbourhoods
Solar versus diesel generated pumps? The former tend to be more limiting
…… possible conflict with political objectives
Stick to a limited number of pump suppliers, and insist on their
establishing a network for spare parts for a minimum period after the end
of the programme (say 2 years) (Thirty years ago there were over twenty
different pump suppliers)
Finding water not usually a problem except in bedrock
Economic actors are created
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Decentralisation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ministry of decentralisation overseeing the process across
government….popular but…….
Decentralisation generally across government has not taken
place yet …..
…… need local and regional elections first (to define regional
counsellors, mayoral prefecture and district level
representatives)
Elections at various levels from Feb 2011 (were supposed to
start in November 2010)
But in anticipation of decentralisation water ministry has
started deconcentration with decree in 2008 setting up 8
regional representations (funding required)
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Public Water Service
Appui
et
conseil
CCAG
Transfert
d'info
Fédération des AUE
Régulation de l'Etat (DH)
Contrat
Contrôle
et conseil
Contrôle,
appui et conseil
Exploitation
(opérateur
privé)
Contrats de
fourniture d'eau
BF / BP
Délégation de
gestion
Responsable du
service de l'eau
(CTD/AUE)
Protocole de
transfert de
compétence
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Challenges for Chad
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Data Management
Brain Drain
Sanitation
Long term success; estimates of rates of breakdown from previous
campaigns vary significantly
Water quality; the determination of… decrees are in preparation and
laboratory facilities are improving, Chadian Water standards exist
Aquifer protection policy: For now Chad has experienced very little
industrial development but ….………that could soon change
People versus livestock
Unfettered urban development, Chad is still predominantly rural but
could we be headed for another Kosovo?
Funding
Regionalisation of the SDEA
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Chad’s 10th EDF will directly
benefit more than 1 Million people
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