Transcript Day 2 - Uganda -Are national Water and Sanitation

ARE NATIONAL WATER AND
SANITATION OBJECTIVES BEING
ACHIEVED BY DISTRICTS IN
UGANDA?
A review of service delivery,
planning monitoring & evaluation
in Tororo and Wakiso Districts
Introduction
• WSS a key priority of government
• Major reforms (decentralisation, DRA, SWAP)
• Integrated into the PEAP (the PRSP)
• Coherent goals and strategies (excl sanitation)
• Substantial increases in funding since 1998
BUT
Q: Are WSS goals being achieved on the ground?
– Examine the rural water & sanitation sector
– Equity and Sustainability of services in 2 districts
– Analysis of Planning and M&E Systems
A: Increasing inequity the deeper you dig
Water and Sanitation Situation in
Local Government
• National Safe water coverage from 39%
in 97 to 51 % in 2003
• District variations from 25% to 75% safe
water coverage
• Coverage currently calculated only at
district
– base on population served by existing water
points (e.g. 300 per borehole)
What about equity and sustainability?
What about lower levels?
Equity Analysis
• Calculated Water
Point Density
– Across subcounties in
district
– Across parishes in 2
subcounties per
district
– Calculated standard
deviation and
compared it to the
mean water point
density
DISTRICT
Subcounty
Parish
Village
Inconsistent Data
Type of technology
Wakiso
DWD
Data
Deep Borehole
121
Shallow well
229
MotorisedDrilled Well Protected Spring
270
GFS taps
28
Community Tank
15
Other
2
Total
665
Tororo
District DWD
Data Data
254
324
394
23
457
20
8
1136
344
District
Data
601
21
98
720
Inequity in distribution between
Subcounties in Wakiso
Even More Inequity between
Parishes
Local Gov’t
ICWP
Density
Standard
Deviation
Wakiso District
Kasanje S/c
Masuliita
Tororo District
Kwapa S/c
Nawanjofu S/c
1.40
0.57
3.79
1.57
1.61
0.67
0.88
0.64
1.88
0.82
1.36
0.80
SD as %
of Ave.
ICWP
51%
112%
63%
50%
85%
133%
Increased Inequity over time
ICWP density for parishes in Kw apa Sub
County for successive years
Safe Water Points Per 1000
people
3. 5
ICWP pre 1998
3
ICWP 1998-2000
2. 5
ICWP 2000-2002
2
1. 5
1
0. 5
0
MORUKEBU
ASINGE
KWAPA
Parish
KALAIT
Wakiso
Sustainability Analysis
• Reported Functionality of Water Points
– 3.5% not functioning Tororo (questionable)
– All functioning in Wakiso (not true)
• Sustainability Snapshot:
What is the likelihood of a water point to
remain functioning in the future?
– 2 Water points in each parish examined
– Looked at finance, technical skills, spare parts
and equipment
– Focus group discussions
– Well served parishes better prepared
Sustainability in Tororo
Kwapa s/c – well serv.
Nawanjofu s/c - poor
Kabossa II Morukebu
(BWP)
(BWP)
Nawanjofu Suni
(BWP)
(BWP)
Financial
2
2
2
2
Technical
2
2
1
1
Equipment 2
2
1
1
Spare parts 1
2
1
1
8 (66.6%)
5 (42%)
5 (42%)
Category
7 (58.3%)
What about Sanitation?
• Sustaining good sanitation behaviour
difficult
– Deterioration since move away from project
funding
• Poor condition of facilities
• Communities had limited information and
no technical support
• Ineffective strategy for household
sanitation
– Demanding guidelines
Problems in Planning
• Guidelines are not followed in their entirety
• No adequate indicator for equity to assist
planning decisions
– Geographical coverage inadequate
– Only report on no. people served
• Political influence in allocating water points
– No incentives to adhere to guidelines
• Community frustration
– No feedback, Lack of understanding of roles
• Capital contributions not enforced
– Weak political commitment
Problems in M&E
• Emphasis on vertical accountability not
management and reporting to communities
• Monitoring of condition of infrastructure only
• Sanitation indicators too numerous and some
difficult to measure
• Lack of skills to undertake analysis
• Poor integration of other players in the district
• Difficulties in size and management of PAF
• No structure performance measurement against
national policies
Conclusions
• Despite coherent policies, strategies
and increased funding:
“More for some, and none for some”
• Refine LG planning & M&E
– Use WP density + GIS maps in planning
– Performance measurement of districts and
subcounties
• Align districts incentives to deliver on
national goals
Overview of Sector Reforms
• Decentralisation policy in 1997
• Key WSS policy Reforms
– Rural Water and Sanitation responsibility
decentralised to local government
– Directorate of Water Development responsible for
policies, planning & Quality assurance
– Demand Responsive approach
– Emphasis of software, including household sanitation
– Participatory bottom up planning within districts
Overview of Sector Reforms
(Cont.)
• Increases in Financing
– Gained from HIPC debt relief in 1997 and 2002
– Donors moved from project to budget support
– 10 x increase in GoU sector funding from $3million to
$31 million
– Significant increases for rural water supply to local
governments as earmarked conditional grants
• Move towards SWAP
– Development of Sub-sector strategies & plans
– Donor coordination mechanisms