GREEK RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY & THE ARTS CHAPTER 6 SECTION 2

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WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE PERIOD OF ATHENS’ GOLDEN AGE?

Lasted from 479-431BC Sources of wealth: Trade, Silver, and Tribute Important achievements: Arts, Philosophy, Literature, Democracy.

Compare the art in the Golden Age to that of Greece’s Dark Ages.

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Wealth gave Athenians more time to devote to the arts.

During the Dark Ages, people spent time just trying to survive. They had no time for the arts.

What evidence is there that key figures influenced the growth and development of Greek civilization?

Identify key figures that influenced the growth and development of the Greek civilization.

Pericles, the Athenian leader, quote to remind the people that Athens was unique: “Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states. We are a pattern to other cities rather than imitators. Our constitution favors the many instead of the few. That is why it is called a democracy. If we look at the laws, we see they give equal justice to all…. Poverty does not bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state…. In short, I say that as a city we are the school for all Greece.”

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THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS

Pericles: Most important man in Athens. Well-educated, intelligent, and had the best interests of his city at heart. aristocrat who supported democracy. Strengthened democracy by paying city officials a salary.

Greatest accomplishment building Parthenon.

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ANCIENT GREEK RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

The Greeks worshipped a family of gods & goddesses, the Twelve Olympians, led by Zeus, the king of the gods. Each god ruled a different area of human life and the natural world.

Worshiped lesser gods and honored heroes in similar ways Believed the gods showed them how to behave, and they visited oracles to receive advice from the gods.

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EXPLAIN HOW THE GODS DIFFERED FROM HUMANS.

The gods had human forms and human characteristics. Unlike humans, the gods were immortal and immensely powerful.

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WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE ORACLES?

The oracles were places where the people could communicate with their gods.

People sought advice or asked to have the future revealed.

Oracles were located throughout Greece. Because their advice was taken very seriously, oracles had a major effect on Greek history.

A Family Of Gods Zeus Hera Apollo Artemis Athena Ares History of Our World Aphrodite Hermes Poseidon Demeter Ruler of all gods & humanity Goddess of marriage & children God of music & poetry Goddess of hunting Goddess of Wisdom & war God of War Goddess of love Messenger of the gods God of earthquakes & the ocean Goddess of fertility

What evidence is there that key figures influenced the growth and development of Greek civilization?

Identify key figures that influenced the growth and development of the Greek civilization.

• • • HOW DID THE GREEKS SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR WORLD?

Most Greeks thought the gods were responsible for natural events. A few thinkers disagreed. They thought about new ways to understand the world.

These Greek philosophers were good observers and thinkers.

• • • THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE

Greek philosophers had ideas about the world that they taught to other people.

Thales believed water to be the basic material of the world.

Democritus thought everything was made from small particles called atoms. Modern science proved him correct.

• • THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE: PHILOSOPHERS

Socrates, another philosopher, sat in the marketplace of Athens eagerly discussing wisdom and goodness.

Socrates wanted people to think about the true meaning of justice, courage, and other qualities.

History of Our World

• • • HOW DID SOCRATES CHALLENGE THE VALUES OF THE PEOPLE OF ATHENS?

He asked questions that made others think about their beliefs, sometimes angering them by showing they didn’t know what they were talking about. Some thought this questioning showed a lack of belief in the gods. They worried that his teachings would cause the young men who listened to him to stop believing in the gods.

SOCRATES IMPLORED PEOPLE TO “KNOW THYSELF.” WHAT DID HE MEAN BY THIS?

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Socrates urged his students to question and critically examine all around them.

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This led to Socrates being accused of corrupting the youth of Athens.

This led to Socrates being accused of corrupting the youth of Athens.

Socrates was tried for dishonoring the gods and misleading young people.

• • • THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE: PHILOSOPHERS

Socrates meant people should understand themselves & what they think and believe before trying to influence others. He was sentenced to death and forced to drink a cup of hemlock poison.

He was sentenced to death and forced to drink a cup of hemlock poison.

• • • • WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PLATO’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE?

Plato founded a school, taught astronomy, mathematics, biology, & among other things. 1 st university, called the Academy.

Plato taught a student named Aristotle Aristotle believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge. He later founded his own school, the Lyceum.

• • WHY WERE THE ARTS IMPORTANT TO THE GREEKS AND WHAT KINDS OF ARTS FLOURISHED DURING GREECE’S GOLDEN AGE?

The Greeks used the arts to honor their gods. They were well known for their sculpture, architecture, and drama.

They were well known for their sculpture, architecture, and drama.

• • • HOW DID GREEK COMEDIES DIFFER FROM GREEK TRAGEDIES?

Tragedies told of humans faced with dilemmas that eventually destroyed them.

Comedies made fun of Greek customs and famous people.

Because of the freedom Athenians had, people accepted the humor and jokes in comedies.

What evidence is there that modern democratic concepts originated in Ancient Greece?

Show how modern democratic forms of government have their origins in ancient cultures .

HOW DID THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW IDEAS IN GREECE?

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The value Greeks placed on their freedom extended to freedom to explore new ideas.

• • EXPLAIN HOW THE GREEK CITY-STATES COULD BE SO INDEPENDENT & COMPETE AGAINST ONE ANOTHER & YET HAVE SO MUCH IN COMMON.

They thought of themselves as the same people – they were the Hellenes, they spoke the same language, and they had many customs in common.

An example of the common culture of the city-states was the Olympic Games.

• • WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DID PEOPLE IN THE CITY-STATES THROUGHOUT GREECE SHARE?

They spoke the same language and shared customs. They valued freedom and took an active part in government.

They contributed to developments in the arts, sciences, government, and religion

• • HOW DID THE GROWTH OF WEALTH THROUGH TRADE CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS IN GREECE?

Trade brought citizens of city-states in contact with ideas from other places. They traded goods & ideas.

Trade brought citizens of city-states in contact with ideas from other places. They traded goods & ideas.