Transcript PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with

PROTECTING AND PRESERVING
GROUND WATER
with
MONITORING SYSTEMS and
VULNERABILITY MAPS
PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor1
EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer1
1Geomatics
& Surveying Dept., Technological Educational
Institute of Serres, Greece
Introduction
 GROUNDWATER:
a VITAL resource!
 GROUNDWATER protection & Management:
is a CRITICAL procedure for Sustainable Development
Involving:
 the Preservation of QUALITY,
 the Preservation of QUANTITY and
 The ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT assessment of it’s use
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Ground Water resources protection
CONSERVATION & ENHANCEMENT of GroundWater
resources can be achieved through :
 Land Care
 GW Management
 GW Recharge Preservation
In any case, when trying to “protect and preserve” the
central idea must be ….
PREVENTION
(instead of disaster/pollution management)
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Scope
 To highlight the possibilities offered by
contemporary technologies such as Remote Sensing
and Geographic Information Systems in Ground
Water protection and management…
 By assessing groundwater vulnerability which
can be considered as one of it’s sustainability
indicators
 By displaying the potential uses of an integrated
Ground Water Information System
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Delineating Recharge Areas (1/2)
Location
False Color Composites
& Band Ratios
Fracture pattern and density
PC2-4/7-3/1
PC2-4/7-4/3
TM5/7-4/5-3/1
TM4/7-4/3-4/6
TM4/3-5/7-4/5
Band Ratios & False Color Composites used to:
Map the Geology
Trace Faults
Lineament Orientation analysis
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Delineating Recharge Areas
Recharge area delineation
Additional Hydrochemical Data used
Lineament
Density
Ion Ratio indicating
groundwater
residence time in
the aquifer:
[Ca+Mg] / [Na + K ]
Ion Ratio
indicating
groundwater
origin through
Mg-rich
formations:
Mg/Ca > 1.0
Fractures
Recharge
Area
delineation
Ion Ratio
spatial
distribution
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GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2)
D
R
A
S
T
I
C
Depth to Recharge
Impact of Hydraulic
Aquifer Media
groundwater
Topography
Soil Media
Rate
Vadose zone
Conductivity
Rainfall: 25 years
Geologic maps (scale 1:50,000)
260 sampling points Bore logs
/53 stations
Mean Annual
Infiltration (mm)
Mean Annual
Rainfall (mm)
Effective
Infiltration (%)
X
=
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GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2)
Installations/Activities plotted against
Ground Water Vulnerability
Ground Water Vulnerability as
compared to NO3 concentration
Reliability
Check
Use…
LANDUSE
to
estimate
RISK
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Ground Water Information System
A system that can be used to protect groundwater and to support
decisions for Ground Water sustainable management
GWIS concept design
The proposed system presents a
typical Multi-TIER Architecture
System Tiers:
 Data Collection Layer
 Data Services/Applications Layer
 DataBases
 Application & Data Access
code
 User Access control & Content
Management
 Presentation Layer
Data Collection
Layer
Ground Water Field Equipment Devices
Telecommunication Infrastructure (TCP/IP over GSM)
Servlet
Engine
Web
Server
Application
Server
Connectors
Spatial
Server
Internet
Map
Server
Spatial Data
Engine
GWIS
Geographic
(Spatial)
Database
Server
Ground Water
Simulation
Models
Web – GIS
Application
Database &
Assisting Software
Services
Data /
Services/
Application
Layer
Application &
Data Access Code
Telecommunication Infrastructure (Internet)
User Access Control &
Content Management
Content Management System
Telecommunication Infrastructure (Internet)
Custom
Client
Applications
Group 1
Custom
Client
Applications
Group 2
Presentation
Layer
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Ground Water Information System
Data input through Web
services
Data (information) layers shown
MONITORING STATION HOUSED
ONLINE REAL-TIME TELECONTROLED
SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
Early Warning System
In RED color the sampling points where the specified
threshold value for a specified parameter was exceeded. 10
GWIS characteristics
 Groundwater quantity and/or quality related parameters, can be constantly (or
selectively) measured and data can be instantly transferred, stored and made
readily available.
 The system is capable to adapt to site specific conditions and local regulations
and to maximise cost-effectiveness without compromising program and data
quality
 Ion or Contaminant concentrations that are above set thresholds can be
tracked and contaminant trends can be identified.
 Remedial measure performance can be evaluated.
 Regulators can have access to data and maps in real time, estimate future
trends and make decisions
 Public awareness can be greatly enhanced by providing information and
guidelines over the Web so the public can be transformed from “part of the
problem” to “part of the solution”
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Conclusions

Remote Sensing Techniques combined with the use of Geographic
Information Systems over the Web can provide accurate and
reliable information regarding groundwater protection and
management at minimal costs.

Pollution Hazard Preventive measures
 Can be based on
vulnerability assessment models and
methods,
 can provide reliable results and help make decisions regarding
the regulatory framework and the land use planning on a
regional scale

The use of a Ground Water Information System integrating the
above technologies can greatly help both as a Decision Support
AND as an Early Warning System for groundwater protection and
management.
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The Problems we have to face
from a Cross-Border Perspective
There is an ongoing effort to reduce the impact pollution Hazards
can have on people and on the environment.
Problems & Drawbacks
 Lack of RELIABLE information
 The COST of required DATA
 Lack of SYSTEMATIC pollution hazard assessment
 Lack of a “common census” in terms of Methodologies and
Procedures adapted so that results can be comparable
…and regarding the local administration (only a couple of…)


Not imposed LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Lack of PUBLIC AWARENESS
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…suggestions on How to Solve them
Responce
Key elements for Pollution Hazard mitigation, especially by
taking Preventive measures, are:
 Pollution Hazard Identification
 Risk assessment and
 Applied Research and Technology transfer
And to achieve those targets we need
 A common census on Methodologies used/adapted
 Selection of the appropriate Methodology (–ies) by a
review-compare-select-pilot implement procedure
 Data homogenization
 Data standardization according to the selected data
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model
PROTECTING AND PRESERVING
GROUND WATER
with
MONITORING SYSTEMS and
VULNERABILITY MAPS
THANK YOU!
PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor1
EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer1
1Geomatics
& Surveying Dept., Technological Educational
Institute of Serres, Greece