What are the following?

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1. How might the following affect the rate of erosion… a. Gradient (angle of slope) b. Rock type c. Bedload (the amount of material being carried) d. Human factors

River Tees – Your Case Study of a River

LO: To know the location of the River Tees and be able to describe one of the features which is found on its route.

All will describe the location of the River Tees including its source and mouth Most will describe how v shaped valleys form Some will suggest how interlocking spurs develop.

85 miles in length It drains an area of 710 square miles 1. Describe the route of the River Tees. Include the mouth and the source and the change in height.

River Tees

The river Tees flows 85 miles from its source at Cross Fell in the Pennine Hills to its mouth, where it flows into the North Sea at Teeside. It is one of the major rivers in the UK. High Force waterfall on the River Tees is one of the most impressive waterfalls in England. Here the River Tees plunges some 20 metres into the foaming plunge pool below before continuing its journey through a spectacular gorge. In addition to High Force, the river has formed v shaped valleys, meanders and floodplains along its route. Cow Green Reservoir has been created by flooding an area of the Tees valley to supply water to urban or industrial areas like Middlesbrough.

The River Tees flows into the North Sea just north of Middlesbrough. The vast flat valley floor is a tidal estuary and has been extensively developed for industry, using the wide river mouth for shipping and the safe harbours, protected from the storms of the North Sea.

V Shaped Valleys

Why do V-shaped valleys occur?

Interlocking spurs

Near their source, rivers tend to follow a fairly straight path but as they move further from the source they start to wiggle around obstructions this creates areas that point into the river called spurs. Where these points mesh in together they are called interlocking spurs.

3. How do v shaped valleys lead to the formation of interlocking spurs?

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85 miles in length It drains an area of 710 square miles

River Management

-Long history of flash flooding -Cow green reservoir, controls water supply for industries along the river -Straighten the river for easier navigation during the industrial revolution Flood protection schemes in Yarn

Upper Course

-Source high in the Pennines (893m above sea level) -High run off as steep V shaped valleys of impermeable rock -High rainfall – good water supply -Many tributaries -Famous high fall waterfall – tallest in England 21 metres high -Gorges, rapids and potholes at Low force

Middle Course -

Clear widening and meandering -Meanders cut off in the 19 th century -Sides become less steep -Lateral erosion

Lower Course

-Very urbanised and large populations. Eg Yarn -Important wildlife seals & migratory birds also SSSI -Ox bow lakes -Large oil, gas and petrochemical industries (as flat land) -Natural Levees formed due to silt build up -Mouth is in the North sea -Wide Mudflat estuary (tidal) -Huge water sports complex Tees Barrage