Ch 7-1 & 7-2: Life is Cellular Notes #8

What is the Cell Theory?

1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. All cells come from pre-existing cells. 3. All organisms are made of cells.

Common Cell Structures 1.

Cell Membrane 2.

Nucleus 3.

Cytoplasm

Common Cell Structures 1. Cell Membrane: Thin flexible barrier that surrounds a cell.

2. Nucleus: Present in some cells that contains DNA and controls cell activity.

3. Cytoplasm: Gel-like material within the cell, that keeps cell parts in place

General Cell Types • 2 Types 1) Prokaryotes: Organisms that… -are single celled -do NOT contain membrane bound cell parts -do NOT have a nucleus Ex. Bacteria

2) Eukaryotes: Organisms that -have a nucleus -have membrane-bound cell parts Ex. Plant and Animal Cells Onion Cell Human Cheek Cells

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cell DNA Cell Wall Flagellum Ribosome Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

What makes eukaryotic cells special?

• Unlike prokaryotic cells, all eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus, and specialized internal cell structures called organelles.

Common Structures in All Eukaryotic Cells • Nucleus: Contains DNA and controls the cell ’ s activities -Chromatin: Tightly coiled strands of DNA & protein found within the nucleus.

• Nucleolus: Dense small region found within the nucleus that makes ribosomes • Nuclear Envelope: Controls what materials go in and out of the nucleus.

Nucleus

Ribosomes (Free) • Makes protein for the cell to use

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Internal transport system of the cell - Rough ER: has ribosomes attached & makes proteins to be exported out of cell.

- Smooth ER: no ribosome attachment & makes lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus • Pancake-like stacks that modifies and packages proteins to be exported out of cell.

Mitochondria • Makes cell energy (ATP) from food (glucose) through cell respiration.

Cytoskeleton • Helps support the cell and gives it shape Cytoskeleton

Found in Animal Cells Only • Centrioles: Help cells reproduce Centrioles

Found in Animal Cells Only • Lysosomes: Breaks down food, wastes, and used organelles with digestive enzymes Digestive Enzymes

Found in Plant Cells Only • Cell Wall: Surrounds and protects the cell membrane. Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Found in Plants Only • Chloroplasts: Converts sunlight energy into glucose by photosynthesis.

• Central Vacuole: Stores water, food, and waste for the plant cell

• Two types of eukaryotic cells we have studied include animal & plant cell Animal Cell Plant Cell

Classwork 1) Workbook Section 7-1 & 7-2 (1-34) • ANSWERS ONLY (Stamped) 2) Section Assessment Write out QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (7-1); #1-5 p. 172 (7-2); #1-6 p 183

Double Bubble Thinking Map Copy the following words on your paper Then complete the Double Bubble Thinking Map • Cell Membrane • Prokaryotic Cells • Cytoplasm • Contains membrane bound-Organelles • Eukaryotic Cells • Contains a Nucleus • Contains DNA • Ex. Bacteria • Ex. Plant & Animal Cell

Double Bubble Thinking Map Yellow Bubbles: Things in Common; Grey: Unique to Cell

Double Bubble Thinking Map Yellow Bubbles: Things in Common; Grey: Unique to Cell Prokaroytic Cells Eukaroytic Cells