Transcript File
Chapter 22 Infection Control for Medical Asepsis Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Impact of Infectious Diseases • • • • Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch Antibiotics and vaccines Edward Jenner Epidemiology Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Impact of Infectious Diseases • • • • Infection control and prevention Resistant microorganisms Bloodborne pathogen transmission Increased immunosuppressed populations Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Impact of Infectious Diseases • Global access • Effect infectious diseases have on lifestyles Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The Process of Infection • Caused by pathogenic microorganisms capable of causing disease • Normal flora • Similar steps occur in all infectious diseases • Apply theory of disease growth and transmission Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chain of Infection • Infection Agents – – – – Viruses Bacteria Parasites Rickettsiae Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chain of Infection • • • • • Reservoir Portal of Exit Means of Transmission Portal of Entry Susceptible Host Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The Body’s Defense Mechanisms for Fighting Infection and Disease • Inflammatory response – Steps to inflammatory process • The immune system and immunity • The body’s natural barriers • Immunization Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Stages of Infectious Diseases • • • • • Incubation stage Prodromal stage Acute stage Declining stage Convalescent stage Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. AIDS and Hepatitis B, C • AIDS • Acute viral hepatitis diseases – Symptoms of hepatitis B, C • Transmission of HIV and HBV, HCV Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reporting Infectious Diseases Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Standard Precautions • Standard precautions • Transmission-based precautions – Blood and body fluids – Personal protective equipment Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Standard Precautions • Transmission-based precautions – Needlesticks – Disposal of infectious wastes – Education institutions and standard precautions Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. OSHA • The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard – – – – – Blood and other potentially infectious material (OPIM) Bloodborne pathogens Exposure determination Plan to control exposure Methods of compliance to prevent exposure Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. OSHA Click Here to play the video Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. OSHA • OSHA regulations and students – Avoiding exposure to bloodborne pathogens Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Medical Asepsis • Hand washing Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Medical Asepsis • Sanitization >> • Disinfection Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Removing Contaminated Gloves Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Bioterrorism • Agents • Transmission • Vaccine availability and treatment Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.