Transcript The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism

Chapter 1: American Federalism
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Defining Federalism
Constitutional Structure
of American Federalism
National Courts and
Federalism
National Budget as a
Tool of Federalism
Politics of Federalism
LO 1.1
Defining Federalism
LO 1.1 Interpret the definitions of federalism,
and assess the advantages and disadvantages
of the American system of federalism.
Federalism—text covers 6 types, but only 3
are really important (*)
• Dual*—limits national power
• Cooperative*—more national power
• Marble cake—mixed responsibilities
• Competitive—all levels compete
• Permissive—national dominance
• New*--devolution to more state control
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Defining Federalism
LO 1.1
Alternatives to Federalism
• Unitary system
• Confederation
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Defining Federalism
LO 1.1
Why Federalism? a compromise
Advantages
• Checks the growth of tyranny
• Allows unity without
conformity
• Encourages experimentation
• Provides training and
develops leaders
• Keeps government closer to
the people
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Disadvantages
• Difficult to respond quickly to
national problems
• Difficult to hold elected
officials accountable
• Lack of uniformity leads to
conflict
• Variation in policies creates
redundancies and
inefficiencies
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LO 1.1
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The Constitutional Structure of
American Federalism
LO 1.2
LO 1.2 Differentiate the powers the Constitution
provides to national and state governments.
• Powers of national government are delegated
to it. (Article I, Section 8)
• National government is supreme.(Art. 6)
• State governments have reserved powers.
(Amendment 10)
• Both levels of government are denied some
powers. (Article I, Sections 9 and 10)
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The Constitutional Structure of
American Federalism
LO 1.2
Powers of the National Government
•Delegated or “enumerated”
•Implied – “necessary and proper” clause
•Inherent—e.g. foreign affairs
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The Constitutional Structure of
American Federalism
LO 1.2
Other National Powers
• The War Power
• The Power to Regulate Commerce
• The Power to Tax and Spend
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The Constitutional Structure of
American Federalism
LO 1.2
Powers of the State
• Reserved—but must not conflict with national
laws
• Concurrent
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The Constitutional Structure of
American Federalism
LO 1.2
Interstate Relationships
• Full Faith and Credit (Article IV, Section 1)
• Interstate Privileges and Immunities (Article
IV, Section 2)
• Extradition (also IV, 2)
• Interstate Compacts (Commerce clause in
Article I, Section 8)
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LO 1.2
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The National Courts and Federalism
LO 1.3
LO 1.3 Assess the role of the national courts in
defining the relationship between the national
and state governments and evaluate the
positions of decentralists and centralists.
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• National Courts and the Relationship with the
States—back and forth and back and forth
• Continuing battle in courts (e.g., the Health
Care Reform Act and Voter ID laws)
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The National Courts and Federalism
LO 1.3
The Great Debate
Centralists
• Abraham Lincoln, FDR
• Reject the idea that the
Constitution is an interstate
compact
• National government is the
government of all the people
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Decentralists
•Antifederalists, Thomas
Jefferson, Ronald Reagan
•Constitution is a compact
among sovereign states
•National government should
not interfere with activities of the
states
•Devolution revolution, states’
rights
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The National Budget as a Tool of
Federalism
LO 1.4
LO 1.4 Analyze the budget as a tool of
federalism, and evaluate its impact on state and
local governments.
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Supply state and local governments with
revenue
Establish minimum national standards
Equalize resources among the states
Attack national problems while minimizing
the growth of federal agencies
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The National Budget as a Tool of
Federalism
LO 1.4
Types of Federal Grants
• Three types of grants used
Categorical-formula: usually some matching
Project: competitive
Block: often includes cuts
• The Politics of Federal Grants—NCLB (accept
or reject or try to change)
• Unfunded Mandates: Unfunded Mandates Act
of 1995 has limited # passed
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LO 1.5
The Politics of Federalism
LO 1.5 Evaluate the current relationship
between the national and state governments
and the future challenges for federalism.
• Growth of the National Government?
• Has happened for many reasons: crises, state
failures, growing interdependence, nationalized
economy and communications, citizen and interest
group demands
• Future of Federalism?
• Can we have less government and meet modern
challenges like terrorism? National disasters?
Modernizing infrastructure? Modern education?
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The ___ type of government has power
vested in a central authority.
LO 1.1
A. Unitary
B. Federal
C. Confederate
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The ___ type of government has power
vested in a central authority.
LO 1.1
A. Unitary
B. Federal
C. Confederate
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State-only powers are known as ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.2
Concurrent
Reserved
Extradition
Supremacy
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State-only powers are known as ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.2
Concurrent
Reserved
Extradition
Supremacy
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Who of the following would have been
a decentralist?
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.3
Abraham Lincoln
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Ronald Reagan
All of the above
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Who of the following would have been
a decentralist?
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.3
Abraham Lincoln
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Ronald Reagan
All of the above
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___ are used for very strict controls of
what states are doing in a general
purpose.
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.4
Categorical-formula grants
Project grants
Block grants
Unfunded mandates
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___ are used for very strict controls of
what states are doing in a general
purpose.
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.4
Categorical-formula grants
Project grants
Block grants
Unfunded mandates
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What area makes it difficult to move
away from central control?
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.5
Education
Homeland security
Immigration
All of the above
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What area makes it difficult to move
away from central control?
A.
B.
C.
D.
LO 1.5
Education
Homeland security
Immigration
All of the above
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Back to learning objectives