英汉对比翻译-间接与直接

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Transcript 英汉对比翻译-间接与直接

英汉对比翻译

间接与直接

黄山学院 程汕姗

委婉(

Euphemism

) •

“A mild or vague expression as a substitute for blunt precision or disagreeable truth.”

• 死亡

English: pass away, go to one’s Maker, sleep with one’s fathers, join the great majority, pay the debt of nature, be with God, go to glory, go to a better world, sleep the final sleep, cross the Great Divide, climb the golden staircase etc.

汉语: “安息”、“长眠”、“逝世”、“长逝”、“谢 世”、“离世”、“亡故”、“永别” 、“仙逝” 《礼记

·

曲礼》:“天子死曰崩,诸侯死曰甍,大夫死曰卒, 士曰不禄,庶人曰死。”

Your Main Topic Goes Here

• 上厕所

English: I need to go somewhere.

I want/need to go (or use) to the washroom/bathroom/ restroom.

I want/need to wash my hands/relieve myself/ answer a call of the nature.

I need to powder my nose/fix my face (women only) I want/need to see a man about a horse. (men only) etc.

汉语: 出恭、更衣、解手、如厕、方便等

• 官方委婉语

Underutilization/Human resources underdevelopment

失业问题

The underprivileged/ disadvantaged

贫困人口

Negative saver

负债累累

/

债务缠身

/

入不敷出的人

Substandard housing/Inner city/central city

贫民窟

House of correction/correctional facility

监狱

Less than truthful

编造谎言

Liquidation/terminate with extreme prejudice

暗杀

Rolling adjustment (economy)

经济衰退

• • • • • • • •

International armed conflict Air support Overflight Neutralize the adversary Antipersonnel implements Circadian deregulation an adjustment of the front Strategic withdrawal

• •

Useful and businesslike meeting Serious and candid discussion

In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defense of the

indefensible. Things like the continuance of British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan, can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face, and which do not square with the professed aims of the political parties. Thus political language has to consist largely of euphemism, question-begging and sheer cloudy vagueness.

Defenseless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification. Millions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry: this is called transfer of population or rectification of frontiers. People are imprisoned for years without trial, or shot in the back of the neck or sent to die of scurvy in Arctic lumber camps: this is called elimination of unreliable elements. Such phraseology is needed if one wants to name things without calling up mental pictures of them.

• 职业委婉语

Sanitary engineer Meat technologist Prison officer Rodent operator Research consultant Funeral director Plant supervisor Public relations counselor Member of the oldest profession Law enforcement officer

• 学校委婉语

unflamboyant student Subnormal/exceptional (special) child 1. Shows difficulty in distinguishing between imaginary and factual material 2. Needs help in learning to adhere to rules and standards of fair play 3. Needs help in learning to respect the property rights of others 4. Has qualities of leadership but needs help in learning to use them democratically

II.

1.

含蓄(

implicitness

) 克制陈述(

understatement

-make big things seem trifle

① ② ③

It was nothing; a pinprick.

He had a mansion in the country and another little place in town.

He had five sandwiches and a quart of milk for his snack.

节制(

controlled

)、漫不经心

(casual)

- 幽默+冷嘲

In France it is rude to let a conversation drop; in England it is rash to keep it up. No one there will blame you for silence. When you have not opened your mouth for three years, they will think: "This Frenchman is a nice quiet fellow." Be modest. An Englishman will say, "I have a little house in the country"; when he invites you to stay with him you will discover that the little house is a place with three hundred bedrooms. If you are a world tennis-champion, say, "Yes, I don't play too badly." If you have crossed the Atlantic alone in a small boat, say, "I do a little sailing." - Andre Maurois (1885-1967), Three Letters on the English

2.

① 间接肯定(

litotes

:

双重否定

To my no small disappointment, he failed the interview.

令我大失所望的是,他未能通过面试。 ②

It serves no little purpose to continue public discussion of this issue.

继续公开讨论这一问题大有裨益。 ③

Martin ordered another glass of punch, which they drank between them, and which had no effect of making them less conversational than before.

马丁又要了一杯潘趣酒,两人共饮,这反而令 他俩谈得更起劲了。

• ① 特殊否定

He didn’t half like that girl.

② ③ ④

He liked that girl very much.

I couldn’t feel better.

If that isn’t what I want!

我想要的就是这个啊!

He can’t see you quickly enough.

He wants to see you as soon as possible.

One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.

新到一个地方,还是小心为上。

• 多余否定

I ran away, …I don’t know how far I didn’t run.

我跑了,

……

也不知道跑了多远。 •

If the walls could speak, what an amount of blundering and capricious cruelty would they not bear witness to!

如果这些墙壁会说话的话,它们会为多少愚昧 无知、任意妄为的残暴行为作证啊! • 汉语:好不+形容词

Your Main Topic Goes Here

3.

委婉否定(

indirect negation

) ① 转移否定(

transferred negation

a) I don’t think he cheated in the exam.

b) c) I think he didn’t cheat in the exam.

I don’t suppose you need to worry.

I can’t consider the matter urgent in any way.

表示相信、臆断的动词:

think, believe, suppose, imagine, feel, reckon etc.

注:这些动词的名词化结构往往也可以转移否定,如:

It is not our opinion that your proposed contract is practical.

我们认为贵方拟定的合同不切实际。

② 肯定表否定

You could have come at a better time.

肯定式:你本来可以在更合适的时候来。 否定式:你来的不是时候。

Are you telling me? I know all about it.

肯定式:你是在跟我说吗?我全知道了。 否定式:你不用跟我说了,(还用你告诉我吗?)我全知道 了。

I’ll see you dead before I accept your terms.

肯定式:在我接受你的条件之前,我得先看着你死去。 否定式:见鬼去吧,我才不接受你的条件呢!

I’m wiser than to believe what you call money talks.

我才不会蠢到相信你所谓的金钱万能呢。

肯定形式否定意义的词组:

far from (enough), escape (sb), free from (slavery), short of, beyond (the power of words), above (flattery), beneath (notice), blind/deaf to, absent from etc.

4.

委婉暗示(

tactful implication

It can be worse.

婉转:还可能会更糟。 直言:还可以

/

还过得去

/

还凑合吧。

You are late for the last time.

婉转:这是你最后一次迟到了。 直言:你被解雇了。

The press, Tory and Labour alike, is not remotely concerned with the great questions.

保守党和工党两派报纸,对于这些重大问题 并非漠不关心。 •

I cannot wait to read the book.

我非常渴望读到这本书。 •

A man can never have too many friends.

朋友越多越好。 •

It was not long before he appeared.

他不久就出现了。

There is no man but has his faults.

人皆有过。 •

No one believes but she will succeed.

人们相信他会成功。 •

There is no one but knows him.

人人都认识他。 •

He chose none but the best.

他只选了最好的。 •

It is never too late to give up prejudices.

放弃偏见永远不晚。

What appeared to me wonderful was that none of the ants came home without bringing something.

使我感到惊奇的是每只蚂蚁回巢时都带回一 些东西。 •

The letter was written by none other than Mary.

写这封信的正是玛莉。 •

His speech was too good not to stir the audience.

他的演讲太好了,不会不使观众轰动。

He is not too old to do it.

以他这般岁数来做这种事,并不算老。 •

John is a good swimmer. He wins more often than not.

约翰是个游泳健将

,

常常在比赛中获奖。 •

He has not a little experience.

他有着丰富的经验。 •

He’ll be at home now, as likely as not.

=He’ll probably be at home now.

他很可能现在在家。

Thank you!