Transcript Document

New Horizon College English §Book 2
Unit 5 Section A
weeping for My Smoking
Daughter
Background
information
Text structure analysis
Summary of the passage
Grammar & Language points
Difficult sentences & translation
Writing
After-reading discussion
I. Background Information
Hollywood:
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California,
situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles.
Due to its fame and cultural identity as the
historical center of movie studios and movie stars,
the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym
of cinema of the United States. Many historic
Hollywood theaters are used as venues and concert
stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host
the Academy Awards. It is also a popular destination
for nightlife and tourism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood
I. Background information
Prince Albert:
Prince Albert
(1819–1861) was the
husband of Queen
Victoria of Great
Britain. This is also
the name of a kind of
British tobacco.
I. Background Information
Queen Victoria:
Queen Victoria
(1819–1901) was
queen of Great
Britain & Ireland
(1837–1901) and
empress of India.
Her rule was the
longest in English
history.
II. Text analysis --- main idea
What is the main idea of the text?
When seeing her daughter smoke heavily,
the author as a mother can do nothing but
weep. Her weeping is attributed to a bitter
lesson she learned from her painful experience
with her father’s smoking. Through years she
had to sit by, seeing her father breathe hard at
first, then cough a lot, and eventually die from
lung disease. So she feels deeply hurt to watch
her daughter and many others following in her
father’s steps. She hopes her father’s fate will
be a lesson to all.
II. Text Analysis --- structure
How is the text organized?
The whole passage consists of three parts:
1) My worries about my daughter’s smoking
(Para 1)
2) My recall of my father’s story (Para 2-5)
3) My views on smoking based on what I see
and read. (Para 6-8)
During her narration, time sequence is
adopted to make it clear and smooth. Besides,
the device of cause and effect is used to help
people have a strong feeling of the harm
smoking does.
The cause and effect pattern: (Para 6)
II. Text Analysis-- Structure
The author’s anxiety about
her daughter’s smoking
(Para 1)
The author’s bitter
experience
with her father’s smoking
(Para 2-5)
The author’s heart-felt
appeal to all people
(Para 6-8)
Based
on what
sheshe
To
illustrate
why
By giving
a vivid
saw
and
read,
how
description
of how
her
felt so
terrible
when
daughter
while
much
understand
seeingshe
hersmokes
daughter
doing
her
homework,
the
harm
of
smoking,
smoke,
the
author
the author
intends toshe
and
howtime
helplessly
follows
sequence
express how
she feels —
watches
others
and cause-and-effect
she feels sothe
terrible
that
smoking,
author
pattern
to—
tell
theto
she weeps
and
finally
appeals
to all
reader
her
painful
imply how bitterly she
people to keep away
experience
with
hates the habit
of her
from
tobacco
and
smoking.
father’s death from
value their lives.
smoking.
III. Summary
I feel terrible seeing my daughter smoking. My
father was hooked by cigarettes and died from
pneumonia. In the Third World, I see many
people like my father and daughter. They are
attracted by huge advertisements showing
beautiful worldly girls and confident men
dragging away. Money intended for food is
spent on tobacco. Over time, people
starve for food and air, weaken and hook their
children and eventually kill themselves.
III. Summary
I read in the newspapers and magazines that
cigarette ends are so poisonous that if swallowed
by a baby, it is likely to die; and that water from a
bunch of boiled ends is an effective insecticide.
I feel a deep hurt, a feeling of uselessness as I
remember how carefully and patiently
I took
care of my daughter when she was little.
I view smoking as self-battering which also
batters those who helplessly watch . I think, to
lose one family member to the prosperous
tobacco companies is enough.
IV. Grammar & Language points
…her feet on the bench… and her calculator
clicking out answers
(L1)
This expression can be rewritten by adding
This type of expression describes the behavior
“with” or by using the “and + finite verb”
or a minor event which goes together with the
structure. The above sentences can be
major event in the clause.
rewritten as follows:
 The man sat in the front row, his hands on the
table.
The man sat in the front row, with his hands
on the table. Or:
那男子坐在前排是，手放在桌子上。
 …, and his hands were on the table.
Hefell
fellto
tothe
theground,
ground,blood
with blood
streaming
He
streaming
from his
from his nose. Or:
nose.
 He
fell to the ground, and his blood was
他跌倒在地，血从鼻子里流了出来。
streaming from his nose.
IV. Grammar & Language points
at hand: near; within reach



(L3)
The final examination is (close) at hand.
期末考试近在眼前。
It is very important to have a dictionary close
at hand when you are learning English.
学英语的时候，随时在手头放一本字典很重要。
Fortunately there was a someone at hand, so
we asked him to deliver the message at once.
幸好旁边有个人，我们就请他立即把信送去。
IV. Grammar & Language points
They’re filtered, for which I am …
(L4)
In this sentence, “which” refers to the fact
mentioned in the first part of the sentence.

Tyson stole his neighbor’s car, for which he
was put into prison.
泰森偷了邻居的车，为此被送进了监狱。

The police arrived, after which the situation
became better.
警察来了，这以后的局势比先前平静了一些。
See Ex VII on P125
IV. Grammar & Language points
So … that … & so that…
(L6; L33)
so
that…:
in such
a way
that;
to such an
so…that
+ can
(or may,
will,
etc.):
amount
to…;
produce
a particular
result
表结果(I
in
order
that
with
the
aim
that …表目的
 For
whatas
(I did
all
these),
I sometimes
wonder,
did all these) so that she can struggle to breathe
 He came into the classroom so quietly (that) no
through
mosthim.
of her life feeling half her strength,
one noticed
and
then die of self-poisoning, …? (L49)
他悄悄地走进教室，以致于没人注意到他。

warm
clothes
so that
hethat
wouldn’t
be not
 He
Thewore
student
has
so many
books
he does
know
to do with
them.
cold
inwhat
the winter
snow.
那个学生的书多得让他有些无所适从。
• 有时我纳闷：自己这样做到底是为了什么？难道是为了她今
 后有气无力地挣扎着呼吸，然后再像她外公那样自己把自己
My father is so forgetful that he is always
looking for his keys.
毒死？
我父亲如此健忘以至整日都在不停地找钥匙。
• See
他穿得暖暖的，这样就不会在冰天雪地里受冻了。
Ex VIII on P125
IV. Grammar & Language points
It is/ was … who/that … (L9)
This structure is used for emphasis.
Notes:
It
was her
grandfather
who
(that)
died
from
1.
It is/was
+ the
emphasized
part
+ who/
that
…
smoking.
2. This
emphasized part can be the subject, the
是她的外公由于抽烟死亡的。
object, the adverbial, and the attributive in the
sentence.
 It was last month that I bought a video
3. Judge whether the following sentences are
camera.
right
or wrong.
我是在上个月买的一部摄象机。
• It
was in this room where he was born. ×
•It
It was
camera that
which
I took
wasthis
in London
I met
herwith
for me.
the ×
first
• time.
It was in this room where he was born. ×
• 我是在伦敦第一次遇见她的。
It was he who/that save my life. √
• It was him who/that I saved.
√
IV. Grammar & Language Points
dress：vt. put clothes on (L13)
 Dress the baby, please.
= Put clothes on the baby.
给孩子穿衣服。
 The people at the funeral were all dressed in
black. = were all wearing
参加丧礼的人都穿着黑色衣服。
dress up: to put on smart or unusual clothes,
usually for special occasion
 You don’t need to dress up for the party.
你用不着盛装打扮去参加这次宴会。
IV. Grammar & Language Points
couple with：join one thing to another;
link / associate sth. with sth. else (L17)
 The slippery road, coupled with the strong
wind, made it impossible to ride a bike.
路面很滑，加上大风，不可能骑车。


The writer wrote with plain words coupled
with humor.
那位作家的写作风格质朴中不失幽默。
The name of Mozart is forever coupled with
the city.
莫扎特的名字永远与这座城市联系在一起。
IV. Grammar & Language Points
be hooked by/on：be addicted to
(L21)
 Don’t get hooked on computer games.
不要玩电游成瘾了。
 He is hooked on jogging.
他迷上了慢跑。
Some idioms with “hook”:
 be on the hook: be in a position of difficulty
 get off the hook: get out of one’s trouble脱身
 swallow her story hook, line and sinker:
believe sb completely 无保留地；完全地
IV. Grammar & Language Points
double negative： (L28)
 It is not unusual for sb to do sth. …是常事/不少见
 Heavy snow is not unusual in the northeastern China.
在中国东北下大雪很平常。
 It was not unusual for him to sleep only two or three hours
a night.
他每晚只睡两三个钟头是常事儿。
 not … without … 一准儿，肯定
 She cannot go anywhere without being the center of the
attention.
她无论走到哪里都会成为人们关注的焦点。
 She cannot sleep without taking some sleeping pills.
她不吃安眠药就无法入睡。
IV. Grammar & Language points
die from /of: die because of 死于
(L31; L50)
die
away:
(风, 声音,
电等)渐息,
渐弱animals can die from
In
a severe
winter,
wild
•die
The
sound
of music
died away.
down/back:
(树木等)渐渐凋零,
枯萎(根未死)
lack
of food.
die
hard:
diemay
difficultly
or down
slowlyin死得很痛苦
• The
bush
have die
the cold winter
The
driver
dieddied
from
the
wounds
received
•die
My
grandmother
hard,
suffering
through
a
but
they
willbravely
grow
again
next
spring. he
game:
die
英勇就义
in
the
road
accident.
long
illness.
•die
The
old
general
died game, fighting death to the
out:
disappear
last.
•die
If by:
toodie
many
ofgrief
these
rareafter
animals
killed, this
byof
means
of
She
died
soon
her are
husband’s
animal
species
will
die
out.
•die
They
that
deny
of commit
the kingsuicide
shall die by
by one’s
hand:the
killpower
oneself,
death.
sword.
•bethe
He
was
suspected
die much
by his own hand.
dying
for:
want sthtovery
The
baby
died that
of SARS
in 2003.
•die
It’s
so
hot
today
I
am
dying
for (an
a cold
drink.
for: be prepared to die to support
idea,
etc.)
•beMany
people
die for their beliefs.
dyingreligious
of: feel sth
verywould
strongly
•die
The
children
are
dying善终,
of curiosity
to see what’s
in one’s
bed:
寿终正寝,
病死
More
collocation
with
“die”:
inin
the
parcel.die in one’s shoes: die while still
die
harness/
working at one’s usual job
IV. Grammar & Language Points
be always doing sth： 总是 (L33)
When we use “always” with a verb in the
progressive tense, we mean that something
happens again and again in an annoying way
 My grandfather is always forgetting things.
我的爷爷总是很健忘。
 Why are you always biting your nails?
你为什么总是咬指甲？
 The spoiled boy is always spending money like
water.
这个被娇惯坏了孩子总是花钱如流水。
IV. Grammar & Language Points
direct at： 针对；瞄准 (L39)

The English program is directed at
preschoolers.
这个英语节目是针对学龄前儿童的。
beautiful, “worldly” young woman:
漂亮、“世故”的年青女子

We are all worldly people.
我们都是凡夫俗子。

An experienced and worldly man
经验丰富又老于世故的人
IV. Grammar & Language Points
starve: suffer or die from hunger挨饿/饿死 (L42)
 They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
 In order to keep herself slim, Carpenter, the
famous pop singer, starved herself so much that
she died of anorexia(厌食症).
starve sb of /be starved of: lack something needed
 People there are starved of drinking water.
这个地区的人们极需饮用水。
 The plant was starved of light and died.
这棵植物因缺乏光照而死掉了。
IV. Grammar & Language Points
make：serve or function as (another thing) (L46)
 This hall would make an excellent theatre.
这个大厅能成为绝好的剧院
 Cold tea makes a good drinking in summer.
凉茶在夏季是理想的饮料。
 Their success makes a good ending to the book.
他们的成功成为这部书的圆满的结局。
 The ends of cigarettes are so poisonous that
the boiled water from a bunch of them makes
an effective insecticide.
烟蒂的毒性非常之强，将一把烟蒂加水煮开就成了很有效
的杀虫剂。
V. Difficult Sentences & Translation
While she is doing her homework, her feet on …

While she
is doing her homework, her feet on …
(Para.
3, L17)
and
her
calculator
…,
Icoupled
am looking
atHollywood
the halfThe
tobacco
industry,
with
 The tobacco industry, together with Hollywood
empty
package
ofboth
Camels
tossed
carelessly
movies
won
over
people
father.
movies
in which
malelike
andmy
female
heroes
close
hand.

Bothatmale
female heroes (in the Hollywood
smoked likeand
chimneys,
completely won over
smoked like chimneys.
• movies)
烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影片中的男女主角都是老烟鬼——把
译：她做家庭作业时，脚搁在前面的长凳上，计算机嗒嗒地跳出几何题的答
people
who were
hopelessly

People like
like my
my father,
father were
hopelessly
hooked
像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去,
他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。
案，而我正盯着那包她已抽了一半并随意扔在紧靠手边处的骆驼牌香烟看。
by
cigarettes.
hooked
by cigarettes.

((将有关的修饰成份译成：几个分句
句中主从句之间关系并不十分密切，且各自具有相对的独立性，翻译时
或 并列的几个谓语动词)
将从句子分离出来，单独译成句子。)
Refer to “Translation of long sentences” in Unit 3
V. Difficult sentences & translation
Translation of long sentences: 分析＋重组
分析：
为了清晰明了原句，我们要根据上下文分析长句中复杂的语法关
系和语义上的逻辑关系
1、作者想表达什么意思？
2、如果有多个从句或修饰成份，分析其间的语法结构
3、分析原句中从句间的（条件、因果、转折、递进等）逻辑关系
重组：
根据汉语行文习惯，按照时间先后和逻辑顺序，重新加以安排。
汉语句子短小精悍，较少使用关联词。汉语中所谓的长句往往包含形
式上并列的几个谓语动词或几个分句，表示几层不同的意思，按时间
顺序和逻辑顺序排列起来。故翻译时一般将英文的主句和从属及修饰
成份尽可能转化为并列谓语形式，省去不必要的关联词。如果句中各
层意思之间关系并不十分密切，各自具有相对的独立性，应将句子拆
开,分译成两句或几句。
V. Difficult sentences & translation
Translation skill: addition
1. 对意义的增补:

在翻译中，增词法就是按意义上、修辞上、或句法上的
补充概括词、补充原文暗含的词、补充注释性词语、数词、量词等
China, England, France and the United States
需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。并非

There are large advertisement signs directed
随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的一些词。
中英法美四国
them
both:
thescientists
tough, confident
orare to the

到处都有针对他们这两类人的巨大广告牌：强壮、自信或时髦、年龄较
 at
Facts
are
to the
as words
fashionable
older man, the beautiful, “worldly”
poets.
大的男人,
以及漂亮、“世故”的年青女人，都在吞云吐雾。

事实对于科学家如同文字对于诗人一样重要。
2.对语法结构的增补:
词义的增补主要有以下两种方法：
young woman, both dragging away. (Para 6)
为保证译文语法结构的完整进行的增补：增加代词、连接词、介词、句
 He slipped on a banana skin.
子中的省略部分等。
他踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。
Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. (Unit 3 )
我和盖尔计划(想象着举行)一个不事张扬的婚礼。
Our racial and cultural differences
enhanced
2.
对语法
1. 对意义
our relationship
and taught us 结构的增
a great deal
的 的种族及文化差异
tolerance,
compromise,
and
being(而且)
open
 about
我们 (之间)
(不但) 增强了我们的关系,
教会
补
增补 other.
了我们彼此要宽容、谅解和开诚布公。
with
each
( Unit 3, L. 5 )
V. Difficult sentences & translation
Translation skill: addition




 He
never
looked
as Prince
All
ideas
don’t
occuras
likefashionable
that but so many
do,
注意介词with结构的翻译及增词减字
though;
heimportant
continued
to so
look
like
a 8,
particularly
the
most
ones.
(Para
2,she
Unit
 Albert,
For what,
I sometimes
wonder;
that
Book
) overweight,
poor,
hard working
canI struggle
to breathe
throughcolored
most ofman
her
增词法：注意把字里行间的隐含的意思表明。
 In
然而我父亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。他

these poor countries, as in American inner
并非所有的思想都是这样产生的，但许多思想的产生确实如此，尤其是
with
too large
a family,
black,what
withI ahave
verydone

有时我纳闷：自己这样做到底是为了什么?
难道是为了她今后大半辈
还是一个贫穷、过于肥胖的黑人，为养活一大家人而拼命干
Ilife
sometimes
wonder
why/for
feeling
half
her strength,
and then
die
of
cities
and
on
reservations,
money
that
should
那些最为重要的思想。
活。他浑身漆黑，嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟。
starve
themselves
of
both
food
and
air:
white
cigarette
(Para 3,
子有气无力地挣扎着呼吸，然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死？
all
those
things.stuck in his mouth.
self-poisoning,
asso
herthat(=in
grandfather
did?
be
spent
forthose
food
goes
instead
to the
tobacco
(对意义的增补)
 译成“不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气”更符合汉语习惯。
就像在美国的市中心和印第安人的居留地上发生的事一样，在这些贫

Did
I do all
order
that)
she
L21)
struggle
to ritual
breathe
…?
困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久
companies;
over
time,
people
starve
(Para.7,
L49)
can
weakening
and
hooking
their children:
They
will
miss
the
interaction
that goes原句中
with a
之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大削弱了孩子
weakening
和hooking共一个宾语，而在汉语中就得将其译成
themselves
of tea
both
effectively
welcoming
cup
of
or food
coffeeand
thatair,
may
be a
们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾,
最终使他们丧命。
“削弱孩子们的体质”和“使孩子们染上烟瘾/使他们吸烟成瘾”。
convention
in
their
own
country.
(Unit
1, Book 2)
weakening and hooking their
children,
要达到这个目的，势必加词。再加上一个无伤雅的“不但…而且”
他们会怀念那种以茶或咖啡招待客人的礼节性交往。而在茶馆或咖啡吧
eventually
killing themselves. (Para 6, L40)
(
语法结构的增补)
结构，与前文形成排比句式，更符合中文习惯。
为客人接风也许就是他们自己国家的一种习俗。
V. Difficult sentences & translation
…surely one such victory in my family… is
enough. (Para 8, L57)
from
the viewpoint
ofhere
the family,
the
TheBut
word
“victory”
is used
ironically.
father
was nothing
a victim ofand
Asauthor’s
the passage
shows,
tobaccobut
advertising
tobacco
prosperous
owners
film
actorsindustry.
won overThe
many
people like
the of
the tobacco
industries
won a victory
author’s
father,
who washave
hopelessly
hookedinby
her family,
herthe
family
has paid
bigger
cigarettes.
Sobut
from
viewpoint
ofathe
price –company,
her fatherthis
diedseemed
from smoking.
tobacco
a great The
success,
author believes one such victim is enough.
a big “victory”, because more people smoking
Otherwise, it would be too much for her
will definitely bring it more profit.
family.
V. writing
----structure analysis
Paragraph writing: cause and effect
The writer of the text presents us with a
horrible picture of the harmful effects of
smoking, and the harmful effects are
described as a result of the cause: smoking.
A typical example is:
VI. Writing
The cause and effect pattern:
(Para 6)
The cause: Large advertisement signs, showing both
the tough, confident, or fashionable older man and the
beautiful, “worldly” young woman, are directed at
people like my father and daughter who are attracted to
smoking.
The effect: As a result, many people smoke. And the
money that should be spent for food goes instead to the
tobacco companies. People then starve themselves of
both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking
their children, and eventually killing themselves.
VI. Writing: Cause and Effect Pattern
a statement supported by effects
In Unit 4, we learned that a cause-effect
paragraph generally follows a basic format:
topic sentence + specific supporting
details
If the topic sentence introduces an effect, the
supporting sentences describe causes. However,
a paragraph will show a chain reaction in a
cause and effect pattern. One effect may be the
cause of some other effects. So a General
statement may be followed by many supporting
sentences that express what would happen as
results/effects.
VI. Writing --- paragraph writing pattern
A General Statement supported by effects
General
statemen
t
Effect
1
Effect 2
Effect
3
Smoking does us more harm
than we thought.
Smoking is a form of self-battering.
Smoking leads to diseases.
Smoking threaten one’s beloved
VI. Writing: sample writing for reference
Smoking does
us more harm than we thought. In
Reference
Words:
the first place, smoking is a form of self-battering
to do sb. more harm than he thought, in the
Smoking can affect your well-being and appearance,
first place,
form than
of self-battering,
to ,
making
you agea faster
you think. Secondly
smoking
may
lead
to
different
kinds
of
diseases.
increase sb.’s risk of heart attack, stroke,
Four cigarettes a day can double the smoker’s risk of
smoking patterns,
dieas
prematurely
tobacco-related
diseasestosuch
heart attack,from,
and
lung
cancers. Thirdlydiseases,
, smokingin
may
tobacco-related
thethreaten
second,the
to
smoker’s beloved. The second-hand smoking do
form
a fatal
threat
to
more
harm
to those
whoto,
sit during
by than pregnancy,
to the smokers
themselves.
According
to or
recent
studies, women
who
experience
bleeding
spontaneous
abortion
smoke during pregnancy are more likely to give birth
to unhealthy children.
VII. After-reading discussion
Topics for after-reading discussion:
Maternal
is eternal
whether itto
is from
Read thelove
following
statements
judgehuman
or
not. Tarzan
(《人猿泰山
》) is a very famous
whether
it is right
or wrong.
fairy tale which shows chimpanzee maternal love
a human
After can
losing
her ownyour
child,
1.towards
On average,
onebaby.
cigarette
shorten
the
lifemother
for fivechimpanzee
minutes. gives all her love to
whosecontain
parentsover
were4,000
killed harmful
by a leopard.
2.Tarzan
Cigarettes
Have
you ever heard this story? What’s your
chemicals.
3.comment
Smokingon
can
well-being
andof
thisaffect
story?your
What
do you think
appearance,
mother
love? making you age faster than you
think.
 We
owe our parents a lot. What should we do to
repay
Work their
in pairs
toWhat
give the
other we
two
love?
shouldn’t
doexamples
to make
them
upset?
to show
the bad effects of smoking.