KNOWING ORCHIDS CULTIVATION (Species, propagation & planting)

POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN RESOURCE • Beautiful landscape • Fertile soil • Expected of climate

INDONESIA AS A MEGABIODIVERSITY COUNTRY

• Indonesia has about 4000 orchids species is distributed in many islands.

• Kalimantan & Sumatera have about 986 orchids species and Java has the ones more than 971 species.

• Maluku has about 123 species.

• Irian jaya has about more than 1000 species (Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum)

• Growing at elevations from sea level up to 3000 meters and temperature between up 8,7 °C to 32°C.

• They are found on branches of trees at in tropical rain forests.

CARACTER OF ORCHIDS DISTRIBUTED

• Cosmopolite orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in whole Indonesian land (

Dendrobium crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata

).

• Endemic orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in specific places.

Phalaenopsis javanica

grows in west Java,

Cymbidium hartinahianum

is found in North Sumatera,

Vanda celebica

is found in Sulawesi only.

TAXONOMY

• Phyllum : Spermatophyta • Class : Angiospermae • Subclass : Monocotyledoneae • Ordo : Gynandrae • Family : Orchidaceae

ORCHIDS CARACTERISTIC

• Foliage shape • Flower consist of ; - Sepal - Petal - Column - Labellum • Fruits • Seeds

FIGURE ORCHID SHAPE

CARACTERISTIC OF ORCHIDS GROWS

• Epiphyte; type of plant which grows on another but isn’t a parasite & deriver its own nutrients from the air, rain, etc.

• Saprophyte; (plant) any organism living on decaying or putrefied matter.

• Terrestrial; (plant) living & growing on land • Lithotrof; type of plant which grows above stone.

GROWTH STRUCTURE IN ORCHID

• Monopodial orchids such as

Aerides, Phalaenopsis

&

Vanda

have main stems which grow constantly.

• Sympodial orchids, such as

Bulbophyllum

and

Dendrobium

have a main stem, or pseudobulb, which is produced annually and matures at the end of each growing season, often culminating with flowering.

Simpodial orchid Monopodial orchid

ORCHIDS GENUS IN INDONESIA

• Such as;

DENDROBIUM, BULBOPYLLUM, COELOGYNE, CYMBIDIUM, GRAMMATOPHYLUM, PHALAENOPSIS, RENANTHERA, VANDA, AERIDES, RYNCOSTYLIS, PAPHIOPEDILUM, ERIA.

•

DENDROBIUM

THE GREATES OF GENUS, ABOUT 1800.

• ABOUT 900 GENUS ARE FOUND IN INDONESIA

Aerides odorata

• • About 20 species belong to this genus of monopodial epiphytes.

Aerides odorata is variable in colour, from deep pink to pure white.

Bulbophyllum biflorum_yellow

• Over 2000 named species are included in this cosmopolitan genus, with flowers that come in all shapes, sizes and colour.

• Most of these sympodial plants grow and lithophytes as epiphytes.

Cymbidium bicolor

• Most of the species are terrestrial, with upright flower spikes bearing blooms in many colour.

• In the lowlands, most cymbidium take to the trees as epiphytes, growing in high light.

Dendrobium

• An amazing diversity of plant habit, flower form & colour is found in this large genus.

• Quite a number of species produce new plants off the older pseudobulbs.

these are called aerials or “keikis” a Hawaiian word which means baby.

Phalaenopsis amabilis

• Most people would be familiar with Phalaenopsis, known as the “Moth Orchids”.

• Many hybrids have been produced from the 50 or so wild species.

• Most of these white hybrids have been derived from the magnificent “White Moth Orchid”,

Phalaenopsis amabilis.

Paphiopedilum

• The “Slipper Orchids” have long been highly prized in horticulture.

• Some species are terrestrial, growing through the leaf litter on the forest floor, others are lithophytes which show a preference for limestone cliffs, while a number are epiphytes, & live in the major forks of suitable trees.

• Most of the species produce a single flower.

Vanda tricolor

•

Vanda tricolor

is a distinctive common species, found on rocks or trees on the fringes of lowland forest in Java.

• It has perfumed flowers.

• Monopodial plants grow and as epiphytes.

GROWTH CONDITION

• Light, humidity, temperature.

Kind of orchids

• Arachnis • Renathera • Vanda daun • Cattleya • Dendrobium • Phalaenopsis • Paphiopedilum daun bintik • Paphiopedilum daun hijau • Aerides

Light absorbtion

100 100 40 - 50 20 - 30 40 - 50 10 - 30 10 - 30 5 - 20 20 - 40

TEMPERATURE

Kind of orchids

• Cattleya • Cymbidium • Dendrobium • Paphiopedilum • Phalaenopsis • Vanda

Normal Temperature (°C)

20 25 25 20 21 30

GENERATIF PROPAGATION

• Generatif Pollination parent male female

PREPARING INOCULATION CONSIST OF

:

1.

To provide a prominent seed.

2.

3.

To provide bottle, led & autoclve Nutrient and equipment

e.1. Knudson C. Bahan Ca (NO 3 ) 2 H 2 O KH 2 PO 4 MgSO 4 7H 2 O (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Sukrose FeSO 4 4H 2 O MnSO 4 Agar-agar Aquadest 1 Kebutuhan (g/l) 0,25 0,25 0,25 20 0,25 0,0075 15-17,5 1000 ml pH media Bbrp jenis anggek membutuhkan pH 5,2 Phalaenopsis membutuhkan pH 5,5

e.2. Vacin & Went Bahan Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 KH 2 PO 4 MgSO 4 7H 2 O (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 MnSO 4 .4H

2 O KNO 3 Fe 2 (C 4 H 4 O 6 ) 3 atau Fe-chelate Air kelapa Sukrose Agar-agar Aquadest e.3. Resep Chang Bahan Fish emulsion Pepton Gula pasir Agar-agar Aquadest Kebutuhan (g/l) 0,2 0,25 0,25 0,5 0,0075 0,525 0,028 0,057 150 ml 20 7 850 ml pH media Pada umumnya digunakan pH 5,7-5,8 Kebutuhan (g/l) 1,5 sendok teh 1 sendok the 5,5 15 1000 ml pH media Dendro, Vanda, Arachnis 5-5,2 Phalaenopsis 6,8

How to inoculate ?

a.

To sterilize into capurite solution, about 10 minutes.

b. To remove into aquadest.

c. To inoculate into medium (spread)

VEGETATIF PROPAGATION BY TISSUE CULTURE

• Requirements ; a. Prominent explant b. Appropriate of medium c. Circumtance • Tissue culture rooms consist of; a. Preparation room b. Inoculation room c. Incubation room

FIGURE INOCULATION ROOM

Sterilization • To keep expant into 20% clorox solution, about 5 minutes, 10 % clorox solution about 5 minutes and to rinse by aquadest.

Inoculation • To provide sterile explant with less size and one bud.

Incubation and Multiplication • Explant is shaked on 100-200 rpm (shaker) in the long periode, room temperature.

• Subculture Removed explant into new medium.

PIGURE INCUBATION ROOM

ACCLIMATIZATION

VEGETATIF PROPAGATION

ORCHIDS PLANTING

1.

To remove planlet in community pot (in 9-12 months after innoculation).

- Dendrobium seedling better to control of light & humidity.

- Each pot contains about up 25 to 30 plants.

2. Terrestrial type using medium composition involve; • 3.

4.

5.

6.

Sand, soil, brick, manure, compost.

Vanda terres, its able to plant into earth.

Seedling is planted in large community (pot).

Removing explant up community pot to single pot.

- How to remove ?

- To prepare medium, consist of moss, brick,etc Repotting. Why to repot?

- need a larger medium - need much nutrients

Figure Single pot • Each pot has one plant which plant after about 4-6 months in community pot.

PLANTING (in pot) • Using in high quality pot.

• Using stick to strengthen.

• Using brick, moss, etc.

HOW TO PLANT; - To conbine a stick & pot.

- To mix medium composition.

(brick) less than half pot.

- To put plantlet on above medium.

- To add moss later.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ;

• Stem can’t be covered by medium.

• Might be planted monopodial type in centre pot.

• Different to monopodial, sympodial type need to close part of pot.

ORCHID MAINTENANCE

• Watering; (to note) - Kind of water and pH level (5,6 – 6,0) - Medium, humidity, temperatur, pot type, species of orchids, phase of growth.

• Fertilizer application Umur anggrek

Pemupukan

Kebutuhan unsur Seedling Mid-size Flowering-size N 60 30 10 P 30 30 60 K 10 30 10 • How to apply ?

-Spread, by watering, spraying.

PLANT PROTECTION BY CONTROLING PEST AND DISEASE • Pest; acarina, red spider, ant.

• Insecticide; diazenon, malathion, sumithion 1-3 cc/ liter water.

• Disease; leaf spot, soft-rot, physiology disease.

• Fungicide; teresan 3 g/ liter water, captan 2 g/ liter water, cuproxychloride 5 g/ liter water.