Transcript TAP3_LecturePowerPointSlides_Module32

Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Individual Variation Domain
Psychological Disorders
Module 32
Dissociative, Schizophrenic and
Personality Disorders
Module Overview
• Dissociative Disorders
• Schizophrenic Disorders
• Personality Disorders
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
• Disorders in which the sense of self
has become separated (dissociated)
from previous memories, thoughts, or
feelings.
• Extremely rare and usually the result of
overwhelming stress
Types of Dissociative Disorders
• Three main types:
– Dissociative
Amnesia
– Dissociative
Fugue
– Dissociative
Identity Disorder
Dissociative Disorders
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Amnesia
• A dissociative disorder characterized
by loss of memory in reaction to a
traumatic event.
• Serious personal threats
are
the most common cause
• Combat, natural disasters,
fires, etc.
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Fugue
• A dissociative disorder characterized
by loss of identity and travel to a new
location.
• The person may develop a new identity
and begin a new life.
• Can last a few hours, days, months or
even years
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Identity
Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• A rare and controversial dissociative
disorder in which an individual
experiences two or more distinct and
alternating personalities.
• Formerly called multiple personalities
• Rate and controversial
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Personalities can be different ages, sex,
and self perception of characteristics
• Three Faces of Eve
• Sybil
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Schizophrenic Disorders
Schizophrenia
• A group of severe disorders
characterized by disorganized and
delusional thinking, disturbed
perceptions, and inappropriate emotions
and behaviors.
• Is not one disorder but a family of disorders
• Is not “split personality”
• Occurs in about 1% of the population
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Schizophrenic Disorders:
Symptoms of
Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Symptoms of
schizophrenia include:
– Delusions (false
beliefs)
– Hallucinations (false
perceptions)
– Inappropriate
emotions or behaviors
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Delusions
• False beliefs that are symptoms of
schizophrenia and other serious
psychological disorders.
• Four major types of delusions:
– Grandeur
– Persecution
– Sin or guilt
– Influence
Delusions of Grandeur
• False beliefs that a person is more
important than they really are
• Patients may believe they are a famous
person (e.g. Napoleon)
Delusions of Persecution
• False beliefs that people are out to get
the person
• Believe they are being followed, the
phone is wiretapped, etc.
Delusions of Sin or Guilt
• False beliefs that the person is
responsible for some misfortune
Delusions of Influence
• False beliefs of being controlled by
outside forces
Hallucinations
• False perceptions that are symptoms of
schizophrenia or other serious
psychological disorders.
• Types of hallucinations:
– Auditory (hearing voices)
– Visual (seeing things)
– Tactile (feeling skin sensations)
• Can also have distorted smell and taste
Inappropriate Emotions/Behaviors
• Flat affect – showing little or no
emotional response
• Word salad – nonsense talk
• Waxy flexibility – the person’s arms and
legs will remain in place after being
moved there
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Schizophrenic Disorders:
Types of Schizophrenia
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Characterized by
delusions, especially
grandeur and
persecution. Auditory
and other
hallucinations support
the delusions.
•A Beautiful Mind
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Characterized by variations in voluntary
movement
• Catatonic excitement – rapid movements
with delusions and hallucinations
• Catatonic stupor – little or no activity,
movement, or speech (waxy flexibility)
Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Characterized by bizarre behavior,
delusions, and hallucinations.
• Very disturbed thought and language
(word salad)
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
• Symptoms that don’t clearly fit into one
of the other types of schizophrenia but
still show clear symptoms of
schizophrenia
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Schizophrenic Disorders:
Causes of Schizophrenia
Biological Factors - Genetics
• Schizophrenia tends to run in families.
• Genetics appears to produce a
predisposition (increased likelihood) to
develop schizophrenia.
•Genain Quadruplets
Genetics and Schizophrenia
Biological Factors – Brain Structure
• Brain structure of those with
schizophrenia is different than the
normal brain
• Those with schizophrenia have smaller
amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid
filled spaces.
• The thalamus is smaller in those with
schizophrenia.
Biological Factors – Brain Structure
Biological Factors – Brain Function
• The brain of those with schizophrenia
operates differently than the normal
brain.
• The frontal lobes show less activity.
• Those with schizophrenia have a larger
number of receptor sites for the
neurotransmitter dopamine.
Biological Factors – Prenatal Viruses
• A viral infection during the middle of
pregnancy may increase schizophrenia
risk.
Psychological Factors
• Two main areas:
– Stress
– Disturbed family
– It’s unclear whether these are causes
or consequences of schizophrenia.
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders
• Psychological disorders characterized
by rigid and lasting behavior patterns
that disrupt social functioning.
• Divided into three clusters:
– Related to anxiety
– With odd and eccentric behaviors
– With dramatic or impulsive behaviors
Personality Disorders
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders:
Personality Disorders
Related to Anxiety
Avoidant Personality Disorder
• So sensitive about being rejected that
personal relationships become difficult
Dependent Personality Disorder
• Behave in clingy, submissive ways and
displays a strong need to have others
take care of them
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders:
Personality Disorders
With Odd and Eccentric
Behaviors
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Shows deep distrust of other people,
which gets in the way of personal
relationships
• Different than paranoid schizophrenia
Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Is detached from social relationships
• Are true hermits, preferring life alone
and avoiding intimate interactions at all
costs
Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders:
Personality Disorders
With Dramatic or
Impulsive Behaviors
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Exhibit instability of emotions, selfimage, behavior, and relationships
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• A personality disorder in which the
person (usually a male) shows a lack
of conscience for wrongdoing and
• a lack of respect for the rights others.
• Also known as psychopathic or
sociopathic personality disorder
The End
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Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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