Transcript Base Material Identification
Visual Keys
For Successful Base Material Preparation
Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Base Material Identification
Obtaining good adhesion of a SIFCO Process deposit begins with proper identification of the surface being plated on. Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Base Material Identification
Occasionally, the operator is misinformed as to the identity of the base material or is not informed or aware that a coating is present on the surface. This can lead to adhesion problems. Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Base Material Identification
An alert operator, by carefully watching the etching operation, will frequently detect incorrect identifications or the presence of coatings. Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Base Material Identification
This table lists some tests that may be used to verify the identity of the base material.
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Preparation
A SIFCO Process preparatory cycle consists of a number of operations, each one performing a specific function. The number and types of operations, and the solutions used, depend on the base material and not the plating solution to be used later. Each operation should be carried out properly to ensure obtaining maximum adhesion. Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Preparation
The operations are properly carried out when: • The proper solutions are used in the proper sequence.
• The solutions are used in the proper direction of current flow, i.e. forward current or reverse current.
• The operations follow each other as rapidly as possible and with the surface not being allowed to dry between operations.
• The desired results are obtained in each operation.
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Preparation
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The visual tests are important and the operator should pay particular attention to them.
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Electrocleaning
• Usually performed first • Removes the last traces of dirt, oil, and grease • Removes the light oxide films on some metals such as copper.
• Usually done in forward polarity Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Etching
• Performed in reverse polarity • Removes oxides, corrosion products and smeared and contaminated surface material Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Desmutting
• Follows the etch on some base materials • Removes loose layer of insoluble material on the surface.
• Done in reverse polarity Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Activating
• Removes passive oxide film • No visual key (except for chrome) • Done in forward polarity • Temporary state Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
The Rinse
In most cases, a thorough water rinse should follow each preparatory step. One of the most critical is the rinse after the electrocleaning operation. If water “breaks” on the surface, either the electrocleaning time was too short or the voltage was too low, and the operation should be repeated.
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Water Break
A good description of a “water break” is when a water film breaks into beads such as on a waxed car. If this occurs, the surface is not clean!
Water Break Nice Clean Surface Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Visual Keys
The following series of slides shows what the operator should look for in each of the preparatory operations. Things to consider: • Appearance of the base material before the operation.
• Appearance of the base material after the operation. • Appearance of the cover and the solution in the cover after the operation.
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Carbon Steel
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Carbon Steel
Before After Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Carbon Steel
Before After Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
300 Stainless
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300 Stainless
Before After Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
400 Stainless
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400 Stainless
Before After Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
400 Stainless
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Before After
Monel
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Monel
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Monel
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Copper
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Copper
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Chrome
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Chrome
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Chrome
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Summary
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Successful adhesion hinges on correctly identifying the base material and performing the correct preparatory operations for that material in the right sequence and ensuring that the visual keys are observed for each step
Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.
Summary
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Need Help?
SIFCO Process Instruction Manual SIFCO Technical Support
[email protected]
1-216-524-0099
Copyright © 2005 SIFCO Industries, Inc.