Transcript Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry:
Problems and Solutions
XixuanJin, Ph.D.
Chief Scientist， Joyvio Group
Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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Domestic and international blueberry cultivation
By the late 1980s, the cultivated area of blueberry in American had reached
nearly 200,000 hectares. Blueberry produced in the US not only meets its own
needs, and has also been exported to Canada, Japan, China Taiwan and
European countries.
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Currently, there are nearly 20 countries and regions worldwide which have
begun industrialized blueberry cultivation. China has introduced over 100
blueberry varieties mainly from America and Japan and adaptable for the
climatic conditions across the country.
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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Domestic and international blueberry cultivation
In 1983, Professor Li Yadong at Jilin Agricultural University took the
lead in China to carry out the introduction and cultivation of blueberries.
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By the end of 2013, China's blueberry acreage had reached 15,00016,000 hectares, mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shandong, Anhui, and other 11
provinces (autonomous regions).
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Qingdao is China's most concentrated area for blueberry production and
has a blueberry cultivation area of ​nearly 4,000 hectares.
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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Postharvest cold storage of blueberry: Problems
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Pre-cooling technologies lagged behind
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Short storage life
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Market calls for“Ready-to-Eat”blueberries
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
1. Pre-cooling
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The purpose of the pre-cooling: quickly remove field heat, reduce
disease incidence and facilitate cold storage.
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Rot damages caused by inadequate pre-cooling can reach as high
as 30-50%.
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The main pathogens are Botrytis spp and Rhizopus spp. They
may continue to grow at lower temperatures. Botrytis may grow at
or even below 0℃.
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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Development of pre-cooling technology
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Large vacuum cooling machine:
This machine can pre-cool a variety of fruits and vegetables with high
efficiency. It may pre-cool large amount of fresh produce up to 5 cubic
meters. Energy consumption is very high.
• Large mobile pre-cooling machine:
This machine is suitable for field harvesting and container transportation.
However, it is not cost effective, and doesn’t fit the needs of
today’s blueberry industry in rural China.
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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A miniature cooling machine
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
2. Short storage life
• (1)MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE:
The so-called modified atmosphere is proportional adjustments of the
atmosphere composition, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and relative
humidity in a storage facility to extend the storage life of fruits and
vegetables.
• (2)Cai Songsong, Engineer in Post Harvest Management at Qingdao
Wallen Blueberry Fruit Co., Ltd. has made considerable contributions in
this area.
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
气调贮藏
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• 试验结果（2010年）
贮藏60天，暂存期与货架期对比/ %
保鲜方式
不同贮藏时间的好果率/ %
保鲜方式
30天
45天
60天
75天
气调贮藏
100
98.5
97.5
93.7
保鲜袋
100
90.7
80.4
10℃成品库3
天
10℃成品库6
天
常温1天
常温2天
气调贮藏
100
95
95
86
保鲜袋
95
77
77
61
气调贮藏75 d，保鲜袋贮藏30-35 d
气调贮藏60 d低温暂存与常温货架较好，保
鲜袋贮藏60d，效果较差，贮藏期过长
不同品种气调贮藏60天品质对比/ %
品种
贮藏期间损耗率/ %
贮40天
贮60天
气调贮藏
0.203
0.362
保鲜袋
3.61
酸度
SSC
糖酸比
采收
贮藏
采收
贮藏
采收
贮藏
蓝丰
12.7
12.3
0.28
0.21
45
59
达柔
11.0
10.3
0.38
0.38
29
27
埃利奥特
10.8
10.4
0.85
0.81
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气调贮藏重量损耗低。
气调贮藏蓝莓能保持果实内部品质。
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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气调贮藏
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• 试验结果（2011年）
• 贮藏第83天（12周），硬度较好，好果率达92.5%。
• 国际贮藏周期6周
• 智利最长60天（Claudio 智
利专家）
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
气调贮藏
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• 8吨生产小试（2011年）
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生产分选包装结果
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贮藏时间55天（9月2日），原料总体硬度、饱满度、好果情况较好，生产机械分级包装平
均成品率为92%，远远高于7、8月份硅窗袋贮藏原料平均成品率84%。
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
气调贮藏
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• 8吨生产小试（2011年）
气调贮藏原料车间抽检结果（车间统计数据）
基地
不同次品类型比例/ %
软果
鸟啄果
蛛网
西尚沟
2.6%
0
0
0
2.6%
臧家庄
2.3%
0
0
0
2.3%
臧家庄B
2.9%
0
1.2%
1.5%
5.6%
长阡沟
2.8%
0
1.0%
1.4%
5.2%
臧家庄B
2.3%
0
0.5%
1.9%
4.7%
西寨
2.9%
0
2.4%
1.2%
6.5%
西安子
2.2%
4.6%
0.8%
0
7.6%
平均值
2.6%
0.7%
0.8%
0.9%
4.9%
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销售追踪
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九月初市场缺货，走货快。双层反射膜打包，北京到货软果较多，达10%，长期贮藏的原
料经机械分级、包装或物流导致；上海到货果粉、状态等品质良好。
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总计
烂果
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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3、The market needs ready- to –eat blueberries
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Ready to eat fruit and vegetables are becoming the new darling of
the market, and a lot of open bag “read-to-eat” fruits and vegetables are
in almost every supermarket in the developed countries. However,
there is much less R & D works in China.
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Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
Edible coatings work well in protecting processed fruit and vegetables
Apples Day 1
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Apples Day10
Apples Day 21
Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
Carrots Day 1
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Carrots Day 10
Carrots Day 21
Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
Lettuce Day 1
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Lettuce Day 7
Lettuce Day 14
Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions
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谢谢