Transcript Functional Organization

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System
Introduction
Homeostasis
Transport
and
Metabolism
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Receptors
Grab Bag
FINAL ROUND
Introduction:
$100 Question
The endocrine system communicates with
target cells by way of this:
a. chemical messengers that do not
leave the cell where they are produced
b. chemical messengers secreted
into the bloodstream
c. chemical messengers secreted
through ducts into other organ
ANSWER
d. electrical signals
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$100 Answer
The endocrine system communicates with
target cells by way of this:
a. chemical messengers that do not
leave the cell where they are produced
b. chemical messengers secreted
into the bloodstream
c. chemical messengers secreted
through ducts into other organ
d. electrical signals
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$200 Question
Given these characteristics:
1. amplitude-modulated signals
2. all-or-none response
3. usually slower response
4. effects usually more generally distributed
List the characteristics that apply to the
endocrine system when compared to the
nervous system.
a. 2,3
c. 1,3,4
b. 1,2,4
d. 1,2 3,4
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$200 Answer
Given these characteristics:
1. amplitude-modulated signals
2. all-or-none response
3. usually slower response
4. effects usually more generally distributed
List the characteristics that apply to the
endocrine system when compared to the
nervous system.
a. 2,3
c. 1,3,4
b. 1,2,4
d. 1,2 3,4
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$300 Question
Chemical signals that are secreted into the
environment and modify the behavior and
physiology of other individuals are called
this:
a. autocrine chemical signals
b. pheromones
c. paracrine chemical signals
d. hormones
e. neurotransmitters
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$300 Answer
Chemical signals that are secreted into the
environment and modify the behavior and
physiology of other individuals are called
this:
a. autocrine chemical signals
b. pheromones
c. paracrine chemical signals
d. hormones
e. neurotransmitters
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$400 Question
Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals
that do this:
a. produced by groups of cells and
affect neurons
b. released by cells and affect other cell types
locally
c. produced by neurons and act like hormones
d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit
other neurons
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$400 Answer
Neurohormones are intercellular chemical
signals that do this:
a. produced by groups of cells and
affect neurons
b. released by cells and affect other cell
types locally
c. produced by neurons and act like
hormones
d. released by neurons and stimulate or
inhibit other neurons
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$500 Question
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
glucocorticoids are all examples of this:
a. proteins
b. glycoproteins
c. polypeptides
d. amino acid derivatives
e. steroids
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Introduction:
$500 Answer
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
glucocorticoids are all examples of this:
a. proteins
b. glycoproteins
c. polypeptides
d. amino acid derivatives
e. steroids
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$100 Question
This statement about hormones is true
except:
a. are secreted at a constant rate
b. function to regulate the rates of
many activities in the body
c. secretion rate is controlled by
negative feedback mechanisms
d. help maintain homeostasis
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$100 Answer
This statement about hormones is true
except:
a. are secreted at a constant rate
b. function to regulate the rates of
many activities in the body
c. secretion rate is controlled by
negative feedback mechanisms
d. help maintain homeostasis
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$200 Question
This regulates the secretion of a hormone
from an endocrine tissue:
a. other hormones
b. negative-feedback mechanisms
c. nonhormone substance in the
blood
d. the nervous system
e. all of the above
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$200 Answer
This regulates the secretion of a hormone
from an endocrine tissue:
a. other hormones
b. negative-feedback mechanisms
c. nonhormone substance in the
blood
d. the nervous system
e. all of the above
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$300 Question
Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system during exercise
results in secretion of epinephrine and
norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise
ends, the amount of epinephrine and
norepinephrine in the blood decreases
rapidly. This is an example of
a. acute hormone regulation
b. chronic hormone regulation
c. cyclic hormone regulation
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$300 Answer
Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system during exercise
results in secretion of epinephrine and
norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise
ends, the amount of epinephrine and
norepinephrine in the blood decreases
rapidly. This is an example of
a. acute hormone regulation
b. chronic hormone regulation
c. cyclic hormone regulation
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$400 Question
When blood glucose levels increase, hormone
"A" is secreted. Based on this information,
hormone A is controlled by this:
a. changes in the level of a chemical in
the blood
b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
c. stimulation by a hormone released
from another endocrine gland
ANSWER
d. a hypothalamic releasing factor
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$400 Answer
When blood glucose levels increase, hormone
"A" is secreted. Based on this information,
hormone A is controlled by this:
a. changes in the level of a chemical
in the blood
b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
c. stimulation by a hormone released
from another endocrine gland
d. a hypothalamic releasing factor
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$500 Question
Hormone "A" stimulates the release of
hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B"
increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is
inhibited. This control mechanism is this:
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. neural control
d. amplification
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Homeostasis:
$500 Answer
Hormone "A" stimulates the release of
hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B"
increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is
inhibited. This control mechanism is this:
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. neural control
d. amplification
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$100 Question
Hormones bind to binding proteins in a
reversible fashion.
True/False
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$100 Answer
Hormones bind to binding proteins in a
reversible fashion.
True/False
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$200 Question
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins,
must do this:
a. pass through capillary cells
b. pass through pores in the capillary
endothelium
c. be moved out of the capillary by
active transport
d. remain in the blood
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$200 Answer
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins,
must do this:
a. pass through capillary cells
b. pass through pores in the capillary
endothelium
c. be moved out of the capillary by
active transport
d. remain in the blood
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$300 Question
These statements about these lipid-soluble
hormones are true except:
a. have relatively long half-lives
b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
c. have half-lives that increase and
decrease slowly
d. regulate activities that have a long
ANSWER
duration
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$300 Answer
These statements about these lipid-soluble
hormones are true except:
a. have relatively long half-lives
b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
c. have half-lives that increase and
decrease slowly
d. regulate activities that have a long
duration
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$400 Question
This process makes hormones less active
or increases elimination by attaching
water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or
glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver:
a. active transport
b. conjugation
c. excretion
d. metabolism
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$400 Answer
This process makes hormones less active
or increases elimination by attaching
water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or
glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver:
a. active transport
b. conjugation
c. excretion
d. metabolism
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$500 Question
A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by
the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus
making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver
and kidney disease would see this effect:
a. the hormone is not modified and excreted
rapidly
b. increases blood levels of this hormone
c. concentration remains high for a longer time
d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
e. a, b and c
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Transport and Metabolism:
$500 Answer
A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by
the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus
making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver
and kidney disease would see this effect:
a. the hormone is not modified and excreted
rapidly
b. increases blood levels of this hormone
c. concentration remains high for a longer time
d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
e. a, b and c
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$100 Question
Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen,
aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipidsoluble hormones that bind to membranebound receptors.
True/False
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$100 Answer
Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen,
aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipidsoluble hormones that bind to membranebound receptors.
True/False
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$200 Question
Intracellular hormone receptors are found
here:
a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of
target cells
b. in the nucleus
c. in the mitochondria
d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
e. both a and b
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$200 Answer
Intracellular hormone receptors are found
here:
a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of
target cells
b. in the nucleus
c. in the mitochondria
d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
e. both a and b
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$300 Question
Given these events:
1. cAMP is synthesized.
2. The a subunit of G protein is activated.
3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
Choose the arrangement that lists the
events in the order they occur after a
chemical signal binds to a receptor.
a. 1,2,3
c. 2,1,3
b. 1,3,2
d. 2,3,1
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$300 Answer
Given these events:
1. cAMP is synthesized.
2. The a subunit of G protein is activated.
3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
Choose the arrangement that lists the
events in the order they occur after a
chemical signal binds to a receptor.
a. 1,2,3
c. 2,1,3
b. 1,3,2
d. 2,3,1
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$400 Question
These statements describe chemical signals
binding to membrane-bound receptors except:
a. DNA produces mRNA
b. G proteins are activated
c. the receptor-hormone complex
causes ion channels to open or close
d. the chemical signal is usually a large,
water-soluble molecule
ANSWER
e. the cell's response is fast
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$400 Answer
These statements describe chemical signals
binding to membrane-bound receptors except:
a. DNA produces mRNA
b. G proteins are activated
c. the receptor-hormone complex
causes ion channels to open or close
d. the chemical signal is usually a large,
water-soluble molecule
e. the cell's response is fast
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$500 Question
Intracellular receptors are better adapted
for mediating responses that last a
relatively long time due to this:
a. cAMP activates existing enzymes
in the cytoplasm
b. cAMP is broken down quickly
c. mRNA is synthesized
d. synthesis of new proteins
e. c and d
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Receptors:
$500 Answer
Intracellular receptors are better adapted
for mediating responses that last a
relatively long time due to this:
a. cAMP activates existing enzymes
in the cytoplasm
b. cAMP is broken down quickly
c. mRNA is synthesized
d. synthesis of new proteins
e. c and d
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$100 Question
If there is a decrease in the specific
plasma protein to which a hormone binds,
this occurs:
a. more free hormone occurs
b. less hormone binds to target cells
c. blood levels of the hormone
increase
d. all of these
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$100 Answer
If there is a decrease in the specific
plasma protein to which a hormone binds,
this occurs:
a. more free hormone occurs
b. less hormone binds to target cells
c. blood levels of the hormone
increase
d. all of these
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$200 Question
Down-regulation occurs because of this:
a. both hormone and receptor are
taken into the cell by phagocytosis
b. receptor molecules are degraded
more quickly
c. there is a decrease in the rate of
receptor synthesis
d. all of these
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$200 Answer
Down-regulation occurs because of this:
a. both hormone and receptor are
taken into the cell by phagocytosis
b. receptor molecules are degraded
more quickly
c. there is a decrease in the rate of
receptor synthesis
d. all of these
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$300 Question
This is NOT an intracellular mediator
molecule:
a. cAMP
b. cGMP
c. ADH
d. DAG
e. IP3
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$300 Answer
This is NOT an intracellular mediator
molecule:
a. cAMP
b. cGMP
c. ADH
d. DAG
e. IP3
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$400 Question
A hormone controls the concentration of
some substance in the circulatory system. A
tumor begins to produce that substance in
large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion.
The secretion rate for the hormone would:
a. increase by positive feedback
b. decrease by negative feedback
c. decrease by positive feedback
c. stay the same
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$400 Answer
A hormone controls the concentration of
some substance in the circulatory system. A
tumor begins to produce that substance in
large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion.
The secretion rate for the hormone would:
a. increase by positive feedback
b. decrease by negative feedback
c. decrease by positive feedback
c. stay the same
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$500 Question
Given these events:
1. activation of cAMP
2. activation of genes
3. enzyme activity altered
These events can occur when a hormone
binds to an intracellular hormone receptor:
a. 1
c. 2,3
b. 1,2
d. 1,2,3
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Grab Bag:
$500 Answer
Given these events:
1. activation of cAMP
2. activation of genes
3. enzyme activity altered
These events can occur when a hormone
binds to an intracellular hormone receptor:
a. 1
c. 2,3
b. 1,2
d. 1,2,3
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
This might be a consequence of trying to use a
skin patch to administer a constant level of
insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus:
a. too little insulin available after a meal
when sugar levels are high
b. too much insulin available between
meals when sugar levels are low
c. would control blood sugar levels well
d. a and b
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Answer
This might be a consequence of trying to use
a skin patch to administer a constant level of
insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus:
a. too little insulin available after a meal
when sugar levels are high
b. too much insulin available between
meals when sugar levels are low
c. would control blood sugar levels well
d. a and b
BACK TO GAME