Transcript Chapter 15

MCITP Guide to Microsoft
Windows Server 2008 Server
Administration (Exam #70-646)
Chapter 15
Managing System Reliability and
Availability
Learning Objectives
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Understand general problem-solving strategies
Resolve boot problems
Understand Emergency Management Services
Restore Server Roles, Active Directory, and GPOs
Configure shadow copies
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
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Understand failover clustering
Use and configure Event Viewer
Troubleshoot network connectivity
Remotely administer a server using Remote
Desktop
• Remotely administer multiple servers using Remote
Server Administration Tools
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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General Problem-Solving Strategies
• Develop effective troubleshooting strategies
• General strategies
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Understand how a server and the network interact
Train your users to help you solve problems
Solve problems step by step
Track problems and solutions
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Understanding How Servers and the
Network Interact
• Network diagram elements
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Servers and any mainframes
Workstations and network printers
Wireless network devices
Cabled network devices
Telecommunications links
Wireless links
Remote links
Building locations
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Understanding How Servers and the
Network Interact (cont’d.)
Figure 15-1 Sample network diagram
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Training Users to Help
• Train users to be your partners in reporting
problems:
– Save work at the first sign of a problem
– Record information about a problem as problem is
occurring
– Report any protocol information
– Quickly report a problem by telephone, or by voice
mail if you cannot be reached immediately
– Avoid sending e-mail about urgent problems
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Solving Problems Step by Step
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Get as much information as possible
Record error message
Determine if anyone else is experiencing problem
Check Windows Server 2008 event logs
Use Performance Monitor, Reliability Monitor, Data
Collector Sets, Task Manager, Server Manager, and
the Computer Management tool
• Check for power interruptions
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Solving Problems Step by Step
(cont’d.)
• Define the problem
• Determine possible solutions
• Consider best or most likely solutions
– May be the simplest ones
• Determine how solution will affect users
• Implement solution
• Continue monitoring server
– Ensure there are no further problems
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Tracking Problems and Solutions
• Keep log of all network problems and their solutions
• Help desk system
– Application software
– Maintain information on computer systems, user
questions, problem solutions, and other information
– Members of organization can reference
• Accumulate information on solutions
• Keep a change log
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Resolving Boot Problems
• Common causes of boot failures include:
– Disk failure on drive or drives containing system and
boot files
– Corrupted partition table
– Corrupted boot file
– Corrupted master boot record
– Disk read error
• First step
– Power off the computer and try rebooting
– Rebooting resets CPU registers
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using Safe Mode
• Safe Mode
– Boots the server using the most generic default
settings
– Only services needed to boot a basic configuration
– Further troubleshoot problem
• To access Advanced Boot Options menu:
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Reboot the computer
Press F8
Select the option you want to use (Safe Mode)
Press Enter
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Table 15-1 Advanced Boot Options menu options
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using Safe Mode
(cont’d.)
• Enable Boot Logging option
– Create a log that you can later check for problems
• Safe Mode with Command Prompt option
– Useful when you can solve a problem by executing a
command
• Directory Services Restore Mode for Active
Directory
– Restore damaged files and folders
• Activity 15-1: Booting into Safe Mode
– Objective: Learn how to boot into Safe Mode
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using the
Installation DVD
• Windows Server 2008 installation DVD provides:
– Windows Complete PC Restore
– Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool
– Command Prompt
• Windows Complete PC Restore
– Create a VSS full backup using Windows Server
Backup tool
– System state data includes operating system:
• Plus extra components and information that reflect
currently configured state of server
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using the
Installation DVD (cont’d.)
• Windows Complete PC Restore (cont’d.)
– All system state data is backed up as a group
– Can use wbadmin to create a system state backup
– To restore from system state backup:
• Use wbadmin start systemstaterecovery command
– Perform full restore when you cannot get the server to
boot
• Windows Backup tool is unavailable
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using the
Installation DVD (cont’d.)
• Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool
– Available from Repair your computer option on the
Windows Server 2008 installation DVD
– Test RAM in your computer
• Activity 15-2: Performing Memory Diagnostics
– Objective: Learn how to test RAM
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using the
Installation DVD (cont’d.)
• Using the Command Prompt
– Repair disk problem or copy a critical file back to
server
– Start in \Sources folder on Windows Server 2008
installation DVD
– Activity 15-3: Using the Command Prompt
• Objective: Learn how to access the command prompt
from the Windows Server 2008 installation DVD
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting by Using the
Installation DVD (cont’d.)
Table 15-2 Sample command prompt commands
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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General Tips for Fixing Boot Problems
Table 15-3 Troubleshooting boot problems
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Table 15-3 Troubleshooting boot problems (cont’d.)
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Table 15-4 Troubleshooting boot problems associated with Stop messages
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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General Tips for Fixing Boot Problems
(cont’d.)
Table 15-4 Troubleshooting boot problems associated with Stop
messages (cont’d.)
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Emergency Management Services
• Emergency Management Services (EMS)
– Connect a terminal to a serial port
– “Out-of-band” connection
• Don’t need network or display drivers
• Must be enabled in the boot settings of computer:
– Before problem occurs
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Restoring Server Roles, Active
Directory, and GPOs
• Sometimes necessary to restore:
– Server roles
– Active Directory
– GPOs
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Restoring Server Roles
• If server role corrupted:
– Try booting server into Advanced Boot Options menu
– Use Last Known Good Configuration (advanced)
option on Advanced Boot Options menu
• Go back to previous configuration
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Restoring Active Directory
• Active Directory can become corrupted
• Completely restore Active Directory
– Advanced Boot Options menu
• Offers Directory Services Restore Mode option
– Use wbadmin command
• Restore system state data
• Nonauthoritative restore
– Restore system state data
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Restoring Active Directory (cont’d.)
• Tombstones
– Active Directory objects that have been intentionally
deleted
– Only flagged as deleted
– Retained for a specific period
• Tombstone lifetime
– Not restored by nonauthoritative restore
• Retained as Active Directory objects flagged as deleted
– Must use authoratative restore to restore
tombstones
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Restoring a Group Policy Object
• GPO can be restored after it has been deleted
• Use Group Policy Management MMC snap-in
• General steps for restoring a GPO
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Open Group Policy Management MMC snap-in
Right click Group Policy Objects container
Click Manage Backups
Browse to GPO storage location
Select GPO to restore and click Restore
Close Manage Backups window and Group Policy
Management tool
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Configuring Shadow Copies
• Shadow copy
– Quick copy made of a shared folder at regular
intervals
• Default intervals
– 7:00 AM and noon Monday through Friday
– Can be reconfigured for different times
• Configure shadow copies with Computer
Management tool
– On Administrative Tools menu
• Use revert capability
– Restore an entire volume to an earlier point in time
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Redundancy through Clustering
• Failover clustering
– Configuring multiple computers to appear to work as
one computer
– Other computers in cluster take over:
• When one or more computers in the cluster fails or
cannot be reached
• Offered in:
– Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and Datacenter
Editions
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Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Redundancy through Clustering
(cont’d.)
• Involves using one of four quorum models
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Node Majority
Node and Disk Majority
Node and File Share Majority
No Majority: Disk Only
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Using and Configuring Event Viewer
• Event Viewer
– Houses the event logs
• Record information about all types of server events
• Divided into three general categories:
– Windows logs
– Applications and services logs
– Microsoft logs
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Figure 15-10 Event Viewer
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Using and Configuring Event Viewer
(cont’d.)
• Logs for reporting general operating system and
software application events
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System log
Security log
Application log
Setup log
• Admin logs
– Give the system administrator information about a
specific problem and its causes
– May suggest how to solve problem
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Using and Configuring Event Viewer
(cont’d.)
• Operational log
– Tracks occurrences of specific operations
• Analytic logs
– Relate to how programs are operating
– Typically used by application or system programmers
• Debug logs
– Used by application developers to help trace program
problems
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Viewing Log Events
• Log events displayed in Event Viewer
– Icon indicates the seriousness of event
• Each log displays descriptive information about
individual events
• Open Event Viewer from:
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Administrative Tools menu
MMC snap-in
Computer Management tool
Server Manager
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Using the Event Viewer Filter Option
• Filter option
– Locate a problem quickly
• Filter events on the basis of:
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When the event was logged
Event level
Log
Source of the event
Task category of the event
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Using the Event Viewer Filter Option
(cont’d.)
• Filter events on the basis of (cont’d.):
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Keywords
User
Computer
Date range
Time of day range
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Maintaining Event Logs
• Establish how you want logs maintained
• Methods for limiting logs
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Size each log to prevent it from filling too quickly
Overwrite oldest events when log is full
Archive log when it is full
Clear log manually
• Options to save and clear individual logs also
available
• Activity 15-4: Using Event Viewer
– Objective: Use Event Viewer to view system log
events
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Using Log Subscriptions
• Collect event log information from many computers
onto one computer
– New feature
• Collect and filter information from all servers
– Display it in Event Viewer on one “collector computer”
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Troubleshooting Connectivity
• Use of duplicate IP addresses
– Common problem
• Use command-line tools and graphical tools for
troubleshooting Windows Server 2008 connectivity
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Command-Line Tools
• Some TCP/IP utilities have IP troubleshooting tools
built in
• ipconfig command
– Test IP address of a Windows computer
• ping utility
– Poll for presence of another TCP/IP computer
• netstat utility
– Provides information about TCP and UDP
connectivity
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Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Command-Line Tools (cont’d.)
Table 15-5 Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Vista, and XP diagnostic
commands for TCP/IP connectivity
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Command-Line Tools (cont’d.)
• netstat -e command
– Quick indication of the number of transmission errors
and discarded packets detected at computer’s NIC
• Activity 15-5: Using TCP/IP Connectivity
Troubleshooting Tools
– Objective: Learn how to use nbtstat and netstat
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Graphical Tools
• Network and Sharing Center
– Disable and then enable connection
• Disabling the connection (or rebooting)
– Resets NIC and the TCP/IP connectivity
• View GUI representation of network
– Show if network connectivity problems exist between
your server and network or Internet
• Use Network and Sharing Center to diagnose a
specific connection
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Remotely Administering a Server
• Remote Desktop client
– Remotely access and manage server through dial-up
line and via a RAS or VPN server
• Configure Remote Desktop using System Properties
dialog box from:
– Server Manager
– System applet in Control Panel
• Make sure you have configured a strong password
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Remotely Administering a Server
(cont’d.)
• Activity 15-6: Configuring
to Enable Remote Access
through Remote Desktop
– Objective: Enable Access
to Windows Server 2008
through Remote Desktop
Figure 15-20 System Properties dialog box
Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Remote Server Administration Tools
• Manage multiple servers from one Windows Server
2008 server
• Offered through Server Manager Remote
Administration Tools
• Tools subset automatically installed with the Web
Service (IIS) role
– Or install Remote Server Administration Tools
through Server Manager
• Can remotely manage both Windows Server 2008
and Windows Server 2003 servers
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Remote Server Administration Tools
(cont’d.)
• Use Event Viewer
– View logs on a remote server
• Use the Reliability and Performance Monitor
– Monitor a remote server
• Activity 15-7: Using the Remote Server
Administration Tools
– Objective: Learn how to use the Remote Server
Administration Tools capability
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Summary
• Develop a problem-solving strategy
– Understand and document server and network
– Train users
• Use Advanced Boot Options menu to solve boot
problems
• Use installation DVD to recover system
• Restore Active Directory with Directory Services
Restore Mode or webadmin command
• Failover clustering provides high availability
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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Summary (cont’d.)
• View logs using Event Viewer
• Use command-line and graphical troubleshooting
tools
• Use Remote Desktop to manage Windows Server
2008 server remotely
• Use Remote Server Administration Tools to manage
multiple servers from single computer
MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
Server Administration (Exam #70-646)
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