Transcript Chapter 9 • Persuasion
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Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Introducing Persuasion
What Do You Think?
When you use words to convince people to think or act in a certain way, you are using persuasion.
Take a few minutes to list reasons that students should and should not be allowed to use cell phones in school.
Consider these questions as you work on your list. What do students use their cell phones for in school?
What useful purposes could cell phones serve in the classroom?
How could cell phone use in school affect learning?
Is having a cell phone in school a safety issue? Why?
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Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Choose and Narrow Your Topic
Choosing a topic that is too broad results in writing that is general and unfocused.
Use a graphic organizer like this one to narrow your topic.
Write your general topic in the top box, and keep narrowing your topic as you move down the chart. Your last box should hold your narrowest or “smallest” topic, the new focus of your op-ed piece.
My town Kids in my town The kids in my town need safe places to ride their bikes.
The kids in my town need bike lanes alongside streets.
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Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Plan Your Piece
You will use a graphic organizer like this one to state your thesis, organize your arguments, and identify details. When it is complete, you will be ready to write your first draft.
Clear Thesis First Persuasive Argument
Supporting Evidence/ Details
Second Persuasive Argument
Supporting Evidence/ Details
My town should build bike lanes alongside streets so that kids can ride safely.
Kids would get more exercise riding their bikes if there were more bike lanes.
Kids would have fewer bike accidents if there were more bike lanes.
Reader’s Counter-arguments
Bike lanes make car lanes too narrow.
Response to Counter-arguments Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.0
Chapter 9 • Persuasion
The Organization of a Persuasive Essay
Grab Your Reader
• Lead • Clear thesis or position
Build Your Case
• Persuasive arguments • Logically organized supporting evidence • Reader concerns and counter-arguments that are proven wrong or shown to be less important than your arguments
Wrap It Up
• Restatement of position • Memorable ending, such as a call to action Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Revising: Making It Better
Now that you have finished your first draft, you are ready to revise. You can use your Revision RADaR as a guide for making changes to improve your draft. Remember —you can use the steps in Revision RADaR in any order.
Revision RADaR
Replace . . .
• Words that are not specific • Words that are overused • Sentences that are unclear
Add . . .
• New information • Descriptive adjectives and adverbs • Rhetorical or literary devices
Delete . . .
• Unrelated ideas • Sentences that sound good, but do not make sense • Repeated words or phrases • Unnecessary details
Reorder . . .
• So most important points are last • To make better sense or to flow better • So details support main ideas Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Fine-Tune Your Draft
Use the revision suggestions to prepare your final draft after rethinking how well questions of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed.
Ensure Precise Word Choice
Say exactly what you mean. Use substitutes for words that are vague or imprecise to better describe and explain your points.
Ensure the Use of Effective Transitions
sentences and paragraphs are connected.
If necessary, add transition words and phrases such as
finally, next, although, therefore,
and
as mentioned earlier,
to signal to your readers how Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Editing: Making It Correct
When you edit your work, you polish your writing and correct any errors.
Before editing your final draft, think about using a variety of sentence structures, including
simple, compound, and complex sentences.
Look at these sentences: Maiden Point Shelter is overflowing with cats and dogs.
This sentence is a
simple
sentence because it has a single Main, or independent, clause.
Every cage and kennel is filled to capacity, and heartrending meows and barks come from extra cages lining the hallways.
This sentence is a
compound sentence
because it has more than one main clause.
The shelter is at its most overcrowded since it was opened in 1993.
This sentence is a
complex sentence
because it has a main clause and a subordinate, or dependent clause, which is
since it was opened in 1993.
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Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Grammar Mini-Lesson:
Parallel Structures
Using parallel structures in a sentence means that equal ideas are expressed in words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of similar types. Tell whether each sentence is simple, compound, or complex. Then identify the parallel structures in each sentence. Write the answers in your journal. 1.
2.
Marcella is athletic, musical, and artistic. One sister is interested in becoming a doctor, and the other is interested in becoming a lawyer.
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Chapter 9 • Persuasion
Publish Your Piece
Give your op ed piece a chance to change someone’s mind— publish it!
Use this chart to identify a way to publish your piece for the appropriate audience.
Students or adults at school • Reading it over the school public address system • Posting your piece online and inviting responses People in your neighborhood or city • Submitting it to your local television news • Submitting it to your town newspaper Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.