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Audience-Centered Speechmaking Process

An Audience-Centered Speechmaking Model

Always think of your audience

• •

Shows sensitivity to their needs.

Think if they understand your words.

Consider Your Audience

•

Gather & analyze information about audience.

• •

Consider culturally diverse backgrounds of audience.

Adapt speech to particular audience.

1.

Select & Narrow Your Topic

• •

Who will be hearing your speech?

What is the occasion (event)?

•

What are YOUR interests, talents & experiences?

Special Occasion or Ceremonial Speaking

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Introductions Toasts Award Presentations Nominations Acceptances Eulogies Keynote Addresses – No!

Commencement Addresses – No!

Commemorative / Tributes – Not so much!

2. Determine Your Purpose

•

General Purpose:

goal of your speech overarching Three (3) Types of General Purposes

•

Inform:

•

Persuade:

•

Entertain: teach, define or clarify.

change or strengthen thoughts or behaviors.

amuse with stories, illustrations and humor.

Specific Purpose (YOU must have a “Special Purpose” note card.)

• •

Exact response you want from audience.

Concise statement indicating what you want audience to

do, think, feel or

remember.

• •

“At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to. . .” Use verbs such as: list, explain, describe or

•

write.

Do not use words such as: know, understand or believe.

3. Develop Your Central Idea

•

Overview of speech (sometime called the thesis.)

•

One-sentence summary of speech and restates the speech topic.

•

Not a phrase, clause or question – Phrase: Car maintenance Question: Is regular car maintenance important?

Complete Delarative Sentence: Maintaining your car regularly can ensure that it provides reliable transportation.

An example of YOUR Note Card:

• • • •

Topic:

The South Beach Diet.

General Purpose: To inform.

Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to

identify

Beach diet.

the three key elements in the South

Central Idea:

The South Beach diet is based upon reducing the amount of carbohydrates you eat, drinking more water, and increasing the amount of exercise.

4. Generate Main Ideas

• •

Identify how speech will logically divide.

How central idea logically divides will determine main ideas.

•

Reasons why central idea is true can be main ideas.

•

Series of steps to illustrate central idea can be main ideas.

5. Gather Supporting Material

• • • • •

Material that “backs up” ideas.

Can be personal &/or concrete.

Should appeal to listeners.

Research your supporting material.

Can be verbal, visual, or both.

6. Organize Your Speech

• • •

Start with body.

Arrange ideas to make most sense.

•

Prepare introduction & conclusion AFTER body.

Follow effective outlining techniques.

7. Rehearse Your Speech

• • • • •

Prepare early.

Practice out loud (7 X’s.) Observe your behaviors.

Make adjustments.

Rehearse in front of others.

8. Deliver Your Speech

• • • • • •

Walk calmly.

Walk confidently.

Remember rehearsals.

Maintain eye contact.

Speak loudly.

Vary your pitch.