Transcript Chapter 21 Study Guide

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CHAPTER 21
Diversity and Unity
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It is 1900, and you have decided to leave your native
country. After a long and difficult voyage, you arrive
in the United States. Now you need to find a new
home and a job. You have to create a new life in a
strange land.
How will you make a home in your new country?
• What caused you to leave
your native country?
• What problems did you
face on your voyage?
• What do you hope to find
in the United States?
1882 Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act.
1888 Electric trolleys are set up in Richmond, Virginia.
1889 The first electric elevator is installed.
Jane Addams founds Hull House.
1892 Immigration center opens
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on Ellis Island.
1893 Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.
1896 Supreme Court establishes “separatebut-equal” doctrine in Plessy v.
Ferguson case.
1906 Earthquake and fire devastate San Francisco.
To World
1909 National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.
1889 Brazil becomes a republic.
1893 Karl Benz invents the modern automobile.
1896 First modern Olympic Games are
held in Athens, Greece.
1910 Mexican Revolution begins.
Back to U.S.
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Main Idea
Industrialization and immigration caused
American cities to grow rapidly.
Why It Matters Now
Modern American city life first
emerged during this period.
What were the causes and effects of urban growth?
CAUSE
EFFECT
Steel
Provided materials to build skyscrapers
Elevators
Allowed people to get to the top floors of
skyscrapers
Streetcars
Allowed people to move around cities
Immigration
Increased city population and led to some
overcrowding
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• Why did immigrants and farmers settle
in big cities at the end of the 19th century?
• What are two inventions that made
modern city life possible?
• What urban problems did reformers
try to solve?
Evaluating
What were some of the advantages and
disadvantages of machine politics?
Think About
• the problems faced by immigrants and cities
• Tammany Hall and “Boss” Tweed
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Main Idea
Millions of immigrants—mostly from southern
and eastern Europe—moved to the United
States.
Why It Matters Now
The new immigrants had an important role in
shaping American culture in the 20th century.
What were some of the experiences
of immigrants in the United States?
Voyage Faced
long hard
voyages; often
faced long waits
in immigration
centers
Housing Often lived in
ethnic neighborhoods
where immigrants with
similar backgrounds
could help one another
Work Took jobs in any
industry that was hiring;
often faced bad working
conditions and received
low wages
Assimilation
Learned U.S.
politics, culture,
and language;
contributed parts
of their native
culture to U.S.
culture
• How were the new immigrants
different from earlier immigrants?
• How did immigrants support one another?
• Why did nonwhite immigrants have
a harder time assimilating than European
immigrants did?
Making Generalizations
How well does the idea of the
melting pot reflect U.S. immigration
around 1900?
Think About
• assimilation
• immigrant languages and cultures
• ethnic neighborhoods
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Main Idea
Racial discrimination ran through
American society in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries.
Why It Matters Now
Modern American society continues
to face the problems caused by racism
and discrimination.
Who were some of the important people and what were
some important events related to racial discrimination
around 1900?
PEOPLE
EVENTS
• Homer Plessy
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• Ida B. Wells
• Springfield, Illinois, race riot (1908)
• Booker T. Washington
• Founding of the NAACP (1909)
• W.E.B. Du Bois
• Rock Springs massacre (1885)
• What were Jim Crow laws?
• How did discrimination against
African Americans in the North differ
from discrimination in the South?
• What did Chinese immigrants and
Mexican immigrants have in common?
Solving Problems
What could have been done to end racial
discrimination against nonwhites in the
United States at the turn of the century?
Think About
• attitudes of whites about nonwhites
• the efforts of nonwhites to find jobs and security
• competition for jobs
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Main Idea
Industrialization and new technologies
created a mass culture in the United States.
Why It Matters Now
Modern American mass culture
had its beginnings during this period.
What changes created a mass culture around 1900?
Leisure Amusement
parks; world’s fairs;
spectator sports;
vaudeville shows;
ragtime; movies
Education School
enrollments increased;
literacy increased
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MASS CULTURE
Shopping Department
stores; mail-order
catalogs; national
advertising
• What did dime novels and
newspapers have in common?
• How did mail-order catalogs
affect the way people shopped?
• What did visitors see at world’s fairs?
Making Inferences
Why did mass culture emerge during
this period?
Think About
• the impact of newspapers
• advertising and catalogs
• the development of leisure time
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES
1 How did public transportation change city life?
2 What dangers did urban overcrowding pose to tenement
dwellers?
3 How did big-city political machines keep their power?
4 Where did most American immigrants come from
around 1900?
5 How did immigrants enter the United States?
6 Why have some people described the United
States as a melting pot?
7 Why was Plessy v. Ferguson an important Supreme
Court decision?
8 What did African-American leaders do to fight
discrimination?
9 What is mass culture?
10 How did city parks improve city life?
Categorizing
Politics Political machines
emerged in cities. They often
helped immigrants and built many
public facilities. But they were also
corrupt.
Technology Elevators, steel
beams, electricity, and streetcars
helped cities grow. Wright brothers
invented the airplane. Movies
were developed.
Education Schools were segregated
in many parts of the country. African
Americans set up schools for their own
advancement. Public education grew
greatly at the turn of the century.
Literacy rates increased.
CHANGES IN
AMERICAN LIFE
Immigration Immigrants came
to the United States for jobs.
New immigrants came, especially
from southern and eastern
Europe. Immigrants contributed
to the growth of political
machines.
Civil Rights Segregation
expanded, mostly in the South.
Nonwhites faced discrimination in
all regions of the country. NAACP
was founded.
Mass Culture Education
expanded. Increased literacy led
to greater popularity of books and
newspapers. Advertising
increased demand for goods.
Parks, fairs, sports, and movies
provided leisure activities.
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