Transcript Animal Physiology – Exam 1

Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Enzymes,
solutes, &
transport
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Enzymes,
Solutes, &
Transport
Nutrition &
Metabolism
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Enzymes,
Solutes, &
Transport
Nutrition &
Metabolism
Cellular
Metabolism
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Enzymes,
Solutes, &
Transport
Nutrition &
Metabolism
Cellular
Metabolism
Neural &
Endocrine
Systems
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Enzymes,
Solutes, &
Transport
Nutrition &
Metabolism
Cellular
Metabolism
Neural &
Endocrine
Systems
Environmental
Water
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell
Structure
Enzymes,
Solutes, &
Transport
Nutrition &
Metabolism
Cellular
Metabolism
Neural &
Endocrine
Systems
Environmental
Water
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell Structure
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The type of cell
responsible for forming
boundaries between
the animal and its
environment
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is an epithelial
cell?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell Structure
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Unlike proteins,
carbohydrates are only
found on this part of
the plasma membrane
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is the exterior
surface?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell Structure
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Incorporation of this
molecule in a plasma
membrane increases its
rigidity
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is cholesterol?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell Structure
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The type of epithelial
cell connection that
allows for the exchange
of small molecules
between adjacent cells
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is a gap junction?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cell Structure
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A model used to describe the
plasma membrane structure,
emphasizing that it lacks
inter-lipid bonds and is
interspersed with proteins
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is the fluid-mosaic
model?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Enzymes, Solutes, & Transport
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This 3-dimensional
protein structure
reveals its functional
regions
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is tertiary
structure?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Enzymes, Solutes, & Transport
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A term used to describe
different forms of the
same enzyme within an
individual
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is an isozyme?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Enzymes, Solutes, & Transport
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The type of response
observed when different
forms of an enzyme are
synthesized as a result of
environmental change
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is a chronic
response?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Enzymes, Solutes, & Transport
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The Na+-K+ ATPase
pump is an example of
this specific type of
molecular transport
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is primary active
transport?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Enzymes, Solutes, & Transport
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The force required to
prevent diffusion of
water along an osmotic
gradient
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is osmotic
pressure?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Nutrition & Metabolism
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These critical, organic
components of
metabolism must be
obtained from the
environment
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What are vitamins?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Nutrition & Metabolism
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This type of energy can
be used for all forms of
physiological work
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is chemical
energy?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Nutrition & Metabolism
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Homeotherms need to expend
energy in order to maintain a
consistent internal body
temperature when they are
exposed to an environment above
or below this temperature range
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is the
thermoneutral zone?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Nutrition & Metabolism
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This term describes the
ratio of moles of CO2
produced to moles of
O2 consumed, per unit
time
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is the respiratory
exchange ratio (R)?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Nutrition & Metabolism
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Smaller individuals have
this type food requirement,
when compared with larger
animals in related
taxonomic groups
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is a greater food
requirement?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cellular Metabolism
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This process uses
energy released from
electron transfer to
create ATP in the
mitochondria
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is oxidative
phosphorylation?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cellular Metabolism
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The net glycolytic ATP
production from one
molecule of glucose
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is 2 ATP?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cellular Metabolism
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Anaerobic catabolism
requires LDH in order
to covert this molecule
to lactic acid
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is pyruvate?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cellular Metabolism
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Under anaerobic
conditions, this causes
the Kreb’s cycle to shut
down
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is an excessive
build-up of reduced
electron carriers NADH
and FADH2 ?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Cellular Metabolism
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One example is creatine
phosphate, which
contributes to ATP
production by transferring a
phosphate group to ADP
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What are phosphagens?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Neural & Endocrine Systems
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This part of the brain is
responsible for
maintaining
homeostatic control
systems.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is the
diencephalon?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Neural & Endocrine Systems
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This division of the
autonomic nervous system
controls the involuntary
“fight or flight” response.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is the sympathetic
nervous system?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Neural & Endocrine Systems
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This is the reason why
signal conduction of the
endocrine system is slower
than in the nervous
system.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is because the
hormones are in the blood
and require time for
undirected transport?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Neural & Endocrine Systems
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If axon diameter increases,
velocity of the action
potential changes in this
direction.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is increases?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Neural & Endocrine Systems
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During the delayed phase of the
mammalian stress response, the
anterior pituitary releases this
hormone, which eventually results
in an increase in fat catabolism.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is ACTH
(adrenocorticotropic hormone)?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Environmental Water
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The proportion of total
atmospheric pressure due
to water vapor.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is water vapor
pressure?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Environmental Water
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Animals in terrestrial
environments lose water
both through respiration and
by these means.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is across the
skin’s surface?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Environmental Water
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In terrestrial environments,
increasing an animal’s body
temperature does this to its
net rate of water evaporation.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is decrease?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Environmental Water
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In freshwater
environments, a fish’s
plasma is this, compared to
the water.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is hyperosmotic?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Environmental Water
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In elasmobranches, this chemical
counteracts the toxic effects of
urea, which is used to increase
the osmolarity of their tissues
and prevent water loss to the
saltwater environment.
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is TMAO?
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Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
The really hard final
Jeopardy answer…
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
In contrast to running
and flying, the cost of
locomotion for
swimming is less
because of this reason
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
Answer
What is because
swimming includes
drifting, which allows
movement due to a
store of potential
energy?
Animal Physiology – Exam 1
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