Transcript BGYB30 Animal Physiology - University of Toronto Mississauga

BGYB30
Mammalian Physiology
• Today:
– Course Organization
– Intro to Cellular Physiology
• Next Lecture:
– Intro to Nervous system
organization and the neuron
BGYB30
Mammalian Physiology
Nerve
Muscle
Endocrine
Course Organization
• Bryan Stewart, Ph.D.
• Lectures
– Tuesday & Thursday
• 12 noon (Lec 01)
• 1 pm (Lec 02)
• My Office Hours
– Tuesday 2-3 pm; Wed 11am-12 noon, S540C
– By appointment
– Tutorial time slots
Teaching Assistant
1. Afshan Ghesmy-Bahkt
– Office hours: TBA
Course Organization
• Tutorials
– every third Thursday 5-7 pm alternating with BGYB10
and BGYB50
BGYB30 Tutorials
– September 9 - cancelled
– September 30
– October 21
– November 11
• Question & Answers
• Extended Office Hours
Course Organization
Communications
Email: [email protected]
– I cannot answer course related email sent to
my regular email address
Course Organization
Communications
• The Intranet Webpage
– Syllabus
– Announcements
– Lecture notes
Course Organization
Lecture Notes
• I will try to post lectures 24 hrs in advance
• I reserve the right to add or delete material
from the posted notes during the lecture
Course Organization
•
Textbook
– Eckert Animal Physiology 5th Edition, 2001
by Randall, Bruggren, & French, W.H.
Freeman and Company.
– All material will be covered in lectures and
the text will supplement lectures
– Lecture Topics and sections of the textbook
will be posted to webpage
Course Organization
• Evaluation:
– Mid-term 40% of final mark
– Final exam 60% of final mark
• Multiple choice questions
• Short Answer questions
• The final will be comprehensive covering all of
the course material
About me…
• BSc 1990
– University of Guelph
• MSc 1991, PhD 1996
– University of Toronto, Dept of Physiology
• Fellowships:
– 1996-1998 Stanford University
– 1998-2001 The Hospital for Sick Children
• Professor at UTSC since July 2001
About me..
• Research Interests
– Neurophysiology
– Synaptic Transmission
– Neuromuscular development
I use fruit flies as a model system to study the
molecular mechanisms used in neural
function and development
Course Goals:
• Understand the underlying mechanisms
that contribute to nerve, muscle, and
endocrine function
• Understand the cellular basis for higher
order physiological systems
• Appreciate the experimental foundations
of physiological knowledge
Teaching Philosophy
• organize material
• explain (hopefully) why it is interesting
• Present a model for how to learn the
material
• But it is up to you to learn it!
Mamalian Physiology
•
Major Course Topics
– Neurophysiology
– Muscle Physiology
– Endocrinology
•
Why these three?
– Together these systems sense and respond
to the environment
Physiology
• Physiology – the branch of biology that
studies how living things function,
especially with respect to the physical and
chemical phenomena that are used.
• THAT MEANS…
– A little physics, a little chemistry, a little
anatomy…
Physiology
• Asks fundamental questions about how
things work
– My emphasis is on the cellular level
Intro to Cellular Physiology
Intro to Cellular Physiology
• The cellular plasma membrane
– Composed of phospholipids & proteins
– Selectively permeable barrier
•Lets essential molecules IN
•Lets waste products OUT
•Maintains cell integrity
Permeability of pure phospholipid
Gases
O2,CO2
Ethanol
H20
Ions :
Na+, K+, Ca2+
Sugars: Glucose
Amino Acids
ATP
Phospholipid bilayer
Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport
Across the Plasma Membrane
1A
1B
ATP-powered pump
Transporters
out
in
ATP
ADP + Pi
A
Uniporter
B
Symporter
C
Antiporter
Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport
Across the Plasma Membrane
2
Membrane
voltage
ligand
Ion Channels
+
+
-
+
closed
A
Voltage -gated
open
open
closed
B
Ligand -gated
Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport
Across the Plasma Membrane
3
G-Protein
Coupled Receptors
Signal transduction
Transmembrane Protein
Example
1. ATP-powered pump
• Na+/K+ pump
2. Transporters
• Glucose Transporter
3. Voltage-gated ion
channel
• Na+ channel, K+ channel
4. Ligand-gated ion
channel
• Neurotransmitter receptor
5. G-protein couple
receptor
• Neurotransmitter &
Hormone receptors
Distinctions
1. Pumps and transporters
•
basal cell function
2. Ion channels and G-protein coupled
receptors
•
excitation and inhibition of cell function
Question from 2002 final exam
• Identify three major groups of
transmembrane proteins discussed in
class, indicate how they function, and give
examples of how they act to stimulate and
inhibit cellular physiology.
• Next Lecture
– Introduction to Nervous System
• Organization of the nervous system
• The neuron