CATALYST

Using the symbolic representation for nucleotides (see board), draw a mini DNA molecule. Your drawing should meet the

• • •

following requirements: Contain 6 nucleotides total Label A, T, C, and Gs Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of each DNA strand

TODAY: PROTEINS!

The Building Blocks of Proteins: AMINO ACIDS!

R-groups affect Reactivity and Solubility

Amino Acids as Buffers:

How do Amino Acids Link Together to Form Proteins?

Practice Peptide Bonding!

1. Draw two glycine amino acid molecules side by side (glycine’s R group is just “H” 2. Circle what atoms must be removed in order for a peptide bond to form 3. Draw the dipeptide that is formed

DIRECTIONALITY!

Protein Primary Structure

Primary Structure



Secondary Structure!

Hydrogen bonding!

Secondary Structure

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Tertiary Structure

Tertiary Structure

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Quaternary Structure (in some proteins) Hemoglobin’s Chemical Formula: C 3032 H 4816 O 872 N 780 S 8 Fe 4

Change in primary structure = Change in function!

Mutated Cells

Change in structure = Change in function!

Change in structure = Change in function!

Levels of Protein Structure – Group Demo

Levels of Protein Structure In your group of 3 – 4 people… 1) Create a song / rap 2) Include all 4 levels of protein structure and the types of bonds / attractive forces involved in each level

From 20 building blocks… A HUGE DIVERSITY OF STRUCTURE!

Two Main Categories: 1) FIBROUS

• • • •

Structure:

Water insoluble Very tough Can be supple or stretchy Parrallel chains in long fibers or sheets

Two Main Categories: 1) FIBROUS

•

Function:

Structural support -

collagen

in connective tissue • Contractile –

actin

and

myosin

in muscles

Two Main Categories: 2) GLOBULAR

• •

Structure:

Water soluble Tertiary / quaternary structure critical to function

Two Main Categories: 2) GLOBULAR Function:

Protective (antibodies)

Two Main Categories: 2) GLOBULAR Function:

Transport (aquaporins, hemoglobin)

Two Main Categories: 2) GLOBULAR Function:

Catalytic (enzymes)

Two Main Categories: 2) GLOBULAR Function:

Regulatory (hormone receptors)

When Protein’s Go Awry = PRIONS!

Normal Misfolded (Prion)

• • •

Scrapie Kuru Mad Cow

Practice Free Response

10 points

One of the unifying themes in biology is that function follows structure. Explain how the structure of proteins determines their function by responding to the following: Describe the structure of an amino acid (3) Outline the formation of a protein from its primary structure to its quaternary structure (4 points) Discuss the relationship between protein structure and function in fibrous and globular proteins (4)