Transcript 1分钟

阅读理解专题
推理判断题
阅
读
理
解
五
大
题
型
1. 细节理解题
2.主旨大意题
3.词义猜测题
4.观点态度题
5.推理判断题
请观察 No. 59,60,64,65,68,70,
它们属于哪种题型？
推理判断题
什么是推理判断？
英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是
需要阅读者通过阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，根据
表面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，
推敲作者的态度，理解文章的深层含义，这就是推
理判断。
考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语
篇的表面意义与隐含意义，已知信息与未知信息间
加起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之
音”。
透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思
阅
读
推
理
判
断
题
1. 推断隐含意义
No. 59, 64,
65, 68
2.推断作者观点或态度
3.推断写作目的
4.推断文章出处
5.推断上下文内容
No. 60, 70
1. Question forms（提问方式）:
1) It can be inferred from the text that
.
2) We can learn from the passage that ___.
3) The writer suggests that
.
4) The story implies that
.
5) We can infer /conclude from the passage that...
6）…
这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply,
conclude等标志性词语。
2.技巧点拨
1).全面分析 2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息
3.Practice:
(passage1)
Did you ever hear a strange sound coming
from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If
so, it may have been made by a beetle.
Long ago people thought the ticking
meant that someone was about to die.
Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch
beetle." （1分钟）
● The sound of this beetle ________.
A. pleased people.
B. surprised people.
C. frightened people. D. excited people.
Passage 2 Several different bison species have lived
on the North American continent since the Ice Age;
today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of
the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada.
Better known in the United States is the Plains bison,
or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could
be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian
Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the
West.
● The author implies that several types of bison______.
•
A. live outside the United Stated and Canada
•
B. are well adapted to swampy terrain
•
C. existed before the Ice Age
•
D. have been killed or have died out
请重做 No. 59, 64,65,68。
No. 59：
No. 64:
No. 65:
No. 68:
B
A
D
B
1. Question forms:
1)The passage is most likely to be taken
from______.
2)Where would this passage most
probably appear?
3)The passage is most likely a part of
___.
2. 解题技巧
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
(1) 报刊杂志 (2)广告 (3)产品说明……
Passage3（全国卷）Do you always understand the
directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what
is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the
following directions and see if you understand them.
To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water,
followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required.
For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛)
take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six
tablets in twenty-four hours.
For children six to twelve years old, give half the
amount (量). For children under six years old, ask
your doctor’s advice.
Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness
or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
●This text is most probably taken from a ______.
（2分钟）
A. textbook
B. newspaper
C. doctor’s notebook
D. bottle of medicine
Passage 4 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or
seriously
year.killed
At a speed
More injured（受伤）each
than 30,000… are
or of only 30 miles per hour
it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt
seriously injured（受伤）each
year.
（安全带）saves
lives; it reduces your chance
of death or serious injury
by more than half.
Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles
must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will
be fined
up sure you wear your belt. But it will be the
not you
be upcould
to the drivers
to make
driver's
make sure that children under 14 do not
to $responsibility（责任）to
50
ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.
However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒
退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection
using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which
Remember
may
be taken
excuses
you from you
wearing
it. Make
sure these circumstances（情形）
apply
to you before
decide
to wear
to court…
youyou
may
benot
fined
… your seat belt. Remember
you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you
cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
（3分钟）
a
police
report
●This text is taken from _____.
A. a medical magazine
C. an advertisement（广告）
B. a police report
D. a government information booklet
（小册子）
请重做 No. 60, 70。
No. 60：
C
No. 70:
C
三、巩固练习
Please finish reading the passage
on your paper.
说明文中作者的态度: objective 客观的
neutral
中立的
在议论文中，有：
(1)positive 积极的
(2)negative 消极的
(3)neutral 中立的
(4)approval 赞成的
(5) disapproval
不赞成的
(6) indifferent
漠不关心的
(7)sarcastic 讽刺的
(8)critical 批评的
(9)optimistic 乐观的
(10)pessimistic 悲观的
1. Question forms:
The writer’s attitude toward… is______.
The writer thought that______.
According to the author ______.
2.技巧点拨
注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、
动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的
弦外之音。
Passage 5.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not
crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or
suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health.
Studies have shown that too much control of emotions
can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and
some other illnesses. If you have a health problem,
doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you
feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and
healthy—emotional response(反应).
（2分钟）
●According to the author, which of the following
statements is true?
A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.
B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.
C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.
D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.
Passage6. Around the world more and more people are taking
part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have
always been people who have looked for adventure--- those
who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into
unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the
greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for
an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only
last a few minutes or even seconds.
I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good
example of such an activity. You jump from a high place
(perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the
ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles.
You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you
from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people
around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other
activities which most people would say as risky as bungee
jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the
sea from the top of high cliffs.
Why do people take part in such activities as these?
Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is
because life in modern societies has become safe and
boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were
constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for
food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a
continuous battle for survival（生存）.
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers
little excitement. They live and work in comparatively
safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are
doctors and hospitals to look after them if they
become ill. The answer for some of these people is to
look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
（5分钟）
●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude（态度）
towards dangerous sports.
A. positive（肯定的）
B. negative（否定的）
C. neutral （中立的）
D. nervous
1. Question forms:
(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的
A. The writer’s purpose of writing this
passage is to _____.
B. What is the purpose of writing this article?
C. In writing the passage, the author intends
to _____.
(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图
A. The writer uses the example of…to
show that _____.
B. The writer uses the two questions at
the beginning of the passage to _____.
C. …are mentioned in the first paragraph
to _____.
2. 常见的写作目的归纳
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写
作目的通常有以下三种：
(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让
常见于故事类的文章。to
make people
人发笑）
laugh;
to tell an interesting experience
常见于广告类的文章。to
sell a product
(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受
or
a
service;
to
attract
more
visitors
/
某种观点）
readers / audience
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或
(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信
社会类的文章.
息）
3. 技巧点拨
(1) 根据文体类别推断写作目的
(2) 从写作手法来推断写作目的
Passage7. “Have you ever been out on a boat
and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you
jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy
as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor
of the Wave Energy Group at the University of
Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in
waves,” he said.
（1.5分钟）
●The writer uses the two questions at the
beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
Passage8 A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya
married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They
lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their
wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the
young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it
with fruit and sugar.
Three months later the woman went back to her parents'
home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant
refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.
One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from
the house.
It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant
waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was
so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her
husband's home.
（3分钟）
●The writer wrote the story in order to________.
A. show that elephants are very clever
B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal
C. show that women care more for animals than men do
D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife
1.Question forms:
The next paragraph would most probably
deal with _______
The paragraph preceding this one would
most likely discuss ______.
2. 解题技巧
推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理
推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段
开始的几句话。
Passage 9
When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were
not in control of their environment. They could only interact with
their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans
learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering
their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped
bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned
in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a
greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.
This development led to farming and the domestication of
animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which
had previously been inedible. Only when the process of
meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of
sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other
pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟）
●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be
about ____________.
A. fire B. hunting
C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）
总结
1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关
文段的意思。
2.推断作者的写作意图，应当
关注主题句,同时把握文章的体
裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。
3.推断作者的观点，应当全面
理解文章的内容及文章的中心
思想。
4.推断下文的内容，必须特别
关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最
后的两三句话。