Chapter 11: The Jeffersonian Republic

Lasting Effects of the Federalists

 They were hated why? Sedition & Alien Acts  There was a split in their own Party caused by: Alexander Hamilton (Shocker)  Didn’t go to war w/ France

1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr John Adams Charles Pinckney John Jay Virginia New York Massachusetts South Carolina New York Total Number of Electors Democratic Republican Democratic Republican Federalist Federalist Federalist 73 52.9% 73 65 64 1 52.9% 47.1% 46.4% 0.7% 138 Total Electoral Votes Cast Number of Votes for a Majority 276 70

1800 Election Results

Adams Jefferson

Results

 Jefferson wins through a technicality (3/5) compromise “Negro President”  Adams got more popular vote = Jefferson more electoral votes  So now what happens: Aaron Burr & Jefferson are tied 73 to 73

Who decides

 House of Rep Decide (Article 2 Se. 1)  Decision Deadlocked for Months = Jefferson will win in the end  Why? Adams & Hamilton  Result: Peaceful transfer of power

“Revolution of 1800”

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Why was it called this?

 Federalists stepped down like responsible adults  Jefferson would restore the Presidency back to the Peoples Party spirit of 1776

Who Is Jefferson

Scholar

Designed Monticello Dec. of Ind.

Died at 83 secret (Cold foot baths) Wrote a book about Jesus Christ Copy Machine LA Purchase 15 mill

They shy Slob

Pajama Greeter $107,000 in debt death Affair w/ Betsey Walker 1768 (Best bud’s wife) 1787 in France stole Rice (illegal) punishable by death Affair w/ Sally Hemming (Own slave) ½ sister in law Sent messages to congress to be read (Wilson broke this)

Jefferson’s Changes

 March 4, 1801 Takes office (57 yrs)  “All were Federalists all were Republicans”  Freed people in Jail under the Sedition Act  Returned the Alien act back to 5 yrs  Abolished the Excise Tax  Albert Gallatin = Reduced debt & balanced the budget (Secretary of Treasurer)

Judiciary Act Crisis



Last Act passed by Federalists 1801

 It created 16 new Federal Judgeships

(life appointments

) = why did they do this? To maintain control even after they were gone  John Marshal becomes Supreme Court justice 1799) (a strong Federalists appt. by Adams)  Also is cousin to Jefferson served during Valley Forge

Marbury v. Madison 1803

 William Marbury = Appt. to justice of Peace of the District of Columbia 1801  James Madison (Sect. of state) = Denied Marbury his job (stopped delivery)  Marbury finds out, is furious so he SUES to get the job (uses the Judiciary Act of 1789 as evidence)  Goes to the Supreme Court & Chief Justice John Marshal has this to say . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .

Result

 He single handedly answered the question of which branch of government gets to decide the constitutionality of laws?



Established Judicial Review

= The Supreme Court alone has the power to decide the constitutionality of laws ( The court has no jurisdiction over the Executive & can not force Jefferson to give Marbury his seat)

Brilliant

 Jefferson wanted revenge = Tried to impeach Samuel Chase 1804 (Supreme Court Justice) it Failed to say the least

Jefferson’s Foreign Entanglements

 Reduced Military to 2500 men  Reduced the Navy  Drawbacks to this:  1801 Barbary pirates (North Africa) were attacking U.S. merchant ships (Pasha of Tripoli) cut down the flagstaff of the U.S. consultant act of war!!!!! Why  He was upset b/c he was NOT getting paid enough to protect U.S. ships (Bribe Money)

Jefferson’s Response

 Sent the Navy  Took 4 LONG YEARS to end this ridiculous ”war”  What stopped it finally? Jefferson paid $60.000 to end it!!!!! Most of it was ransom money to get our people back

LA Purchase 1803

 1800 Napoleon secretly gets the LA Territory from Spain  Why? = Wanted a New World Empire  Result = Farmers who relied on the mouth of the MS to transport goods were furious this could ruin there trade & business  Jefferson = to overt another war sent James Madison & Robert Livingston send them to make negotiations  GOAL = Buy LA purchase land for 10 mill flat

Results

 Napoleon gives up the Land for $15 mill (3 cents per acre)  Why?

1.

Rebellion in Haiti & French dying from yellow fev.

2.

Needed money to renew his war w/ Britain Done Deal on April 30, 1803

But this causes big problems in Congress

 Constitution does not mention the President can buy Land  Jefferson took a loose interpretation instead of a strict interp.

 Federalists wend nuts and opposed him  Why? Simple more land meant more settlers, that would create more states, & more farmers meant more Republicans  Spring 1804 Jefferson sent 2 men to explore his new purchase

Aaron Burr Conspiracies

 Plotted w/ a group of Extreme Federalists to get New England & New York to succeed from the U.S.

 Alexander H exposed his (dumb) plan  Burr angry challenged him to a duel  Hamilton showed up but refused to shoot and Burr shot him in the head

      This IDIOT than fled to the Trans MS area hooked up with a military general James Wilkinson Together they tried to split the West & east to form a new Confederacy (We call that TREASON) Jefferson finds out then General Wilkinson betrays him and Burr gets arrested John Marshal states that “intentions” are not enough to throw a man in jail you need evidence?

So Burr gets acquitted (freed) Runs to France & tries to convince Napoleon to attack the U.S. Lesson to Be Learned * When you get new land make sure you have the resources to govern it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Staying out of War . . . Again

 Election 1804 Jefferson wins 162 to 14  But Economic struggles begin to effect the economy  Why: France & Britain are fighting & who do we trade with the most?

Jefferson Pinckney

 France was unstoppable on Land  Britain had the unstoppable navy  Due to their control our trade begin to shrink  1806 London’s new Govt. issues the

“Order of Council”

= Closed European ports under French Control to foreign shipping including America (unless they stopped at a British port 1 st )  Napoleon retaliated by seizing merchant ships again including American ships that stopped at a British port 1 st  1808-1811 over 6,000 men were seized during this time  Clash of the

Chesapeake

off VA between a U.S. ship and a British ship where England sunk our ship (Jefferson still clung to hope)

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Can We Protect Ourselves without Surrendering Our Rights?

U.S. could not be neutral either way; rights of neutrality were violated    Embargo Act (1807) = forbade any American exports to foreign nations  Did Jefferson have the authority to do this?

Ah, his plan, but Congress passed the law!!

Economic Depression = Exports fell 80% in 1808 Unemployment rose; prices rose   Jefferson chose not to run for a third term Said he would honor Washington’s tradition, but did he step aside to save his party?

The Road to War

   James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State elected = major priority to fix economy and problems with Europe Non-Intercourse Act = opened trade with all nations except Britain and France (who was left in 1809?) Macon’s Bill No. 2 = reopened trade with Britain and France but gave Madison the right to refuse trade with either if neutrality violations continued

Causes of the War of 1812

   European trade problems British failures to comply with treaties (disrespect) War Hawks = generation of new government officials who had not seen war

More Causes of the War of 1812

 British fomented Indian unification efforts and raids  Westward movement continued and angered Indians, Indians look to British in Canada to help stop westward expansion  British had always advocated limited westward movement and Jefferson and Harrison gave Indians 2 choices: assimilate or move west of the Mississippi  Tecumseh and the Prophet; Harrison and Battle of Tippecanoe