Transcript MusclesPart2

Myology part 2
Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Superficial Dissections
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Vagina
Superficial
transverse perineal
Anus
Gluteus maximus
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Female
Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Deep Dissections
Urethra
Urogenital Diaphragm
External urethral sphincter
Deep transverse perineal
Central tendon of perineum
Pelvic Diaphragm
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Levator
ani
External anal sphincter
Coccygeus
Sacrotuberous ligament
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Female
Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Superficial Dissections
Testis
Urethra (connecting
segment removed)
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial
transverse perineal
Anus
Gluteus maximus
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Male
Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Deep Dissections
UROGENITAL
TRIANGLE OF
PERINEUM
Urogenital Diaphragm
External urethral sphincter
Deep transverse perineal
Central tendon of perineum
Pelvic Diaphragm
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Levator
ani
External anal sphincter
Coccygeus
Sacrotuberous ligament
Male
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
ANAL
TRIANGLE
Table 11-10 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 11–12)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 11-10 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 11–12)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Appendicular Muscles
• Position and stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdles
• Move upper and lower limbs
• Two divisions of appendicular muscles
1. Muscles of the shoulders and upper limbs
2. Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection
Axial Muscles
Platysma
Appendicular Muscles
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior view
ATLAS: Plates
25; 39b
Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection
Axial Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Appendicular Muscles
Trapezius
Subclavius
Deltoid (cut
and reflected)
Pectoralis minor
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
(cut and reflected)
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Teres major
Serratus anterior
Anterior view
ATLAS: Plates
25; 39b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection
Axial Muscles
External oblique
Rectus sheath
Superficial inguinal ring
Appendicular Muscles
Tensor fasciae latae
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Anterior view
ATLAS: Plates
25; 39b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection
Axial Muscles
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Internal oblique (cut)
External oblique
(cut and reflected)
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Appendicular Muscles
Gluteus medius
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
ATLAS: Plates
25; 39b
Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection
Axial Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Appendicular Muscles
Trapezius
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps
brachii
Posterior view
ATLAS: Plate 40a,b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection
Axial Muscles
Semispinalis capitis
Splenius capitis
Appendicular Muscles
Levator scapulae
Supraspinatus
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Posterior view
ATLAS: Plate 40a,b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection
Appendicular Muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracolumbar
fascia
Iliac crest
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ATLAS:
Plate 40a,b
Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection
Axial Muscles
Erector spinae
muscle group
External oblique
Posterior view
ATLAS: Plate 40a,b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles of the Shoulders and Upper Limbs
• Four groups
1. Muscles that position the pectoral girdle
2. Muscles that move the arm
3. Muscles that move the forearm and hand
4. Muscles that move the hand and fingers
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
• Trapezius
• Superficial
• Covers back and neck to base of skull
• Inserts on clavicles and scapular spines
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Muscles That Position
the Pectoral Girdle
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major
(cut and reflected)
Internal intercostals
External intercostals
T12
Anterior view
ATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Superficial Dissection
Muscles That Position
the Pectoral Girdle
Trapezius
Posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
ATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
• Rhomboid and levator scapulae
• Deep to trapezius
• Attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae
• Insert on scapular border
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Deep Dissection
Muscles That Position
the Pectoral Girdle
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Scapula
Serratus anterior
Triceps
brachii
T12 vertebra
Posterior view
ATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
• Serratus anterior
• On the chest
• Originates along ribs
• Inserts on anterior scapular margin
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
• Subclavius
• Originates on ribs
• Inserts on clavicle
• Pectoralis minor
• Attaches to scapula
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Muscles That Position
the Pectoral Girdle
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major
(cut and reflected)
Internal intercostals
External intercostals
T12
Anterior view
ATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Muscles That Position
the Pectoral Girdle
Pectoralis minor
(cut)
Serratus anterior
Biceps brachii, short head
Biceps brachii, long head
T12
Anterior view
ATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 11-11 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle (Figures 11–13, 11–14)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (a)
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (b)
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (c)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Arm
• Deltoid
• The major abductor
• Supraspinatus
• Assists deltoid
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection
Sternum
Clavicle
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior view
Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracolumbar
fascia
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Posterior view
Vertebra T1
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Arm
• Subscapularis and teres major
• Produce medial rotation at shoulder
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection
Ribs (cut)
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Teres major
Biceps brachii,
short head
Biceps brachii,
long head
Vertebra T12
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Arm
• Infraspinatus and teres minor
• Produce lateral rotation at shoulder
• Coracobrachialis
• Attaches to scapula
• Produces flexion and adduction at shoulder
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
lateral head
Posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection
Ribs (cut)
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Teres major
Biceps brachii,
short head
Biceps brachii,
long head
Vertebra T12
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Arm
• Pectoralis major
• Between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus
• Produces flexion at shoulder joint
• Latissimus dorsi
• Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus
• Produces extension at shoulder joint
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection
Sternum
Clavicle
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior view
Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracolumbar
fascia
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Posterior view
Vertebra T1
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• The Rotator Cuff
• Muscles involved in shoulder rotation
• Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and
their tendons
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection
Ribs (cut)
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Teres major
Biceps brachii,
short head
Biceps brachii,
long head
Vertebra T12
Anterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection
Muscles That
Move the Arm
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
lateral head
Posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 11-12 Muscles That Move the Arm (Figures 11–13 to 11–15)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (a)
A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (b)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
• Originate on humerus and insert on forearm
• Exceptions:
• The major flexor (biceps brachii)
• The major extensor (triceps brachii)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
• Extensors
• Mainly on posterior and lateral surfaces of arm
• Flexors
• Mainly on anterior and medial surfaces
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Flexors of the Elbow
• Biceps brachii
• Flexes elbow
• Stabilizes shoulder joint
• Originates on scapula
• Inserts on radial tuberosity
• Brachialis and brachioradialis
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Coracoid process
of scapula
Humerus
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii,
short head
Biceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
medial head
Brachialis
Medial epicondyle
of humerus
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator quadratus
Flexor retinaculum
Anterior view, superficial layer
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Extensors of the Elbow
• Triceps brachii
• Extends elbow
• Originates on scapula
• Inserts on olecranon
• Anconeus
• Opposes brachialis
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
lateral head
Brachioradialis
Olecranon of ulna
Anconeus
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Flexor carpi
ulnaris
Extensor
carpi ulnaris
Extensor
digitorum
Ulna
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Abductor pollicis
longus
Extensor pollicis
brevis
Extensor
retinaculum
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Posterior view, superficial layer
Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a)
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b)
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Flexors of the Wrist
• Palmaris longus
• Superficial, flexes wrist
• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Superficial, flexes wrist, adducts wrist
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Superficial, flexes wrist, abducts wrist
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Coracoid process
of scapula
Humerus
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii,
short head
Biceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
medial head
Brachialis
Medial epicondyle
of humerus
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator quadratus
Flexor retinaculum
Anterior view, superficial layer
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Extensors of the Wrist
• Extensor carpi radialis
• Superficial, extends wrist, abducts wrist
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Superficial, extends wrist, adducts wrist
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
lateral head
Brachioradialis
Olecranon of ulna
Anconeus
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Flexor carpi
ulnaris
Extensor
carpi ulnaris
Extensor
digitorum
Ulna
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Abductor pollicis
longus
Extensor pollicis
brevis
Extensor
retinaculum
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Posterior view, superficial layer
Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
• Pronation and supination
• Pronator teres and supinator
• Originate on humerus and ulna
• Rotate radius
• Pronator quadratus
• Originates on ulna
• Assists pronator teres
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (a)
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (b)
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (c)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Coracoid process
of scapula
Humerus
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii,
short head
Biceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
long head
Triceps brachii,
medial head
Brachialis
Medial epicondyle
of humerus
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator quadratus
Flexor retinaculum
Anterior view, superficial layer
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Supinator
Brachialis
Cut tendons of
flexor digitorum
superficialis
Muscles That Flex the
Fingers and Thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator
quadratus
Anterior view, deepest layer
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Anconeus
Supinator
Muscles That Move
the Thumb
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis brevis
Ulna
Tendon of extensor
digiti minimi (cut)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Radius
Tendon of extensor
digitorum (cut)
Posterior view, deepest layer
Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
• Also called extrinsic muscles of the hand
• Lie entirely within forearm
• Only tendons cross wrist (in synovial tendon sheaths)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-17a Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Tendon of
biceps
brachii
Median nerve
Pronator teres (cut)
Brachial artery
Radius
Flexor carpi ulnaris (retracted)
Brachioradialis
(retracted)
Muscles That Flex the
Fingers and Thumb
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
LATERAL
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
MEDIAL
Anterior view, middle layer
Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Supinator
Brachialis
Cut tendons of
flexor digitorum
superficialis
Muscles That Flex the
Fingers and Thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator
quadratus
Anterior view, deepest layer
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-17c Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Anconeus
Muscles That
Extend the Fingers
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Tendon of extensor
pollicis longus
MEDIAL
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
LATERAL
Posterior view, middle layer
Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Anconeus
Supinator
Muscles That Move
the Thumb
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis brevis
Ulna
Tendon of extensor
digiti minimi (cut)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Radius
Tendon of extensor
digitorum (cut)
Posterior view, deepest layer
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Tendon Sheaths
• Extensor retinaculum
• Wide band of connective tissue
• Posterior surface of wrist
• Stabilizes tendons of extensor muscles
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-18b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Tendon of extensor indicis
Tendons
of extensor
digitorum
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
First dorsal interosseus muscle
Tendon of extensor
digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis
Tendon of extensor
carpi ulnaris
Tendon of extensor
carpi radialis longus
Extensor retinaculum
Tendon of extensor
carpi radialis brevis
Right hand, posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• Tendon Sheaths
• Flexor retinaculum
• Anterior surface of wrist
• Stabilizes tendons of flexor muscles
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-18a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
Synovial sheaths
Tendons of flexor digitorum
Intrinsic Muscles
of the Hand
Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
Lumbricals
Palmar interosseus
Intrinsic Muscles
of the Thumb
First dorsal interosseus
Adductor pollicis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Opponens pollicis
Palmaris brevis (cut)
Flexor retinaculum
Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis brevis
Tendon of palmaris longus
Tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Right hand, anterior (palmar)
view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 11-14 Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers (Figure 11–17)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
• The Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
• Muscles that move the metacarpals and phalanges
• And originate and insert only on those bones
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-18a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
Synovial sheaths
Tendons of flexor digitorum
Intrinsic Muscles
of the Hand
Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
Lumbricals
Palmar interosseus
Intrinsic Muscles
of the Thumb
First dorsal interosseus
Adductor pollicis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Opponens pollicis
Palmaris brevis (cut)
Flexor retinaculum
Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis brevis
Tendon of palmaris longus
Tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Right hand, anterior (palmar)
view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 11-18b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Tendon of extensor indicis
Tendons
of extensor
digitorum
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
First dorsal interosseus muscle
Tendon of extensor
digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis
Tendon of extensor
carpi ulnaris
Tendon of extensor
carpi radialis longus
Extensor retinaculum
Tendon of extensor
carpi radialis brevis
Right hand, posterior view
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 11-15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Figure 11–18)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.