Questions

• Describe Hamilton’s vision for the US economy. How does it compare to Jefferson’s?

• Discuss Hamilton’s view on whether government power should be at the state or national level. How does this compare to Jefferson’s?

• Discuss Hamilton’s view on regular people. How does it compare with Jefferson’s?

The New Republic

Jefferson Vs.

Hamilton

First Administration under the Constitution

• George Washington is the first President.

• John Adams is the first Vice-Pres.

Alexander Hamilton is the First Secretary of Treasury

• Born poor in Nevis (island in Caribbean).

• Lawyer from New York.

• Aide to George Washington during the Revolutionary War.

• Becomes leader of the Federalists.

Thomas Jefferson is the First Secretary of State

• Rich Planter from Virginia.

• Governor of VA during War.

• Author of Dec. of Indep.

• Becomes leader of the Democratic Republicans. (later just Democrats)

Ideas on Political Parties

• Political Parties are thought to be bad— everybody is supposed to be concerned about the public good.

• But quickly, disagreements begin to occur between Jefferson and Hamilton.

What Hamilton is for:

• 1. A very strong national Govt .

• 2. Govt. should aide in the development of manufacturing economy.

to create a more diversified • 3. Distrusts “the people.” Thinks that the rich should decide things.

• 4. Favors England.

What Jefferson is for:

• Favors “States’ Rights.” Wants a limited Federal Govt.

• Thinks farming is good —manufacturing bad. Wants a country of small, independent farmers.

• Believes that “The People” are good.

• Favors France.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

• Wanted to link the wealthy and powerful to the national govt.

• New govt. should take responsibility for existing Revolutionary War debt.

– A. National Debt = Certificates (“Funding the Debt”).

– B. State Debts = “Assumption.” • Hamilton’s System would create a permanent national debt (“A blessing, not a curse”).

Deal with the Opposition

• Madison and Jefferson emerge as leaders of opposition to Hamilton’s plans.

• Strike deal over dinner to get passage of assumption of state debt in exchange for moving federal capital from Philadelphia to the South (How Washington D.C. is created).

Warm Up

• What was the name of the political party that formed around the ideas of Alexander Hamilton?

• A = federalists.

• What was the name of the party that formed around the ideas of Jefferson?

• A = Democratic-Republicans

• Who favored the common people?

• A = Jefferson.

• Who wanted a powerful government and factories?

• A = Hamilton

National Bank

• Hamilton is for the creation of a national Bank.

• Would create national currency and loan $ to start factories.

• Jefferson is opposed—says is unconstitutional and would favor rich.

Interpretation of Constitution

• Elastic Clause: congress shall “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for carrying out the powers listed in the Constitution.

• A.K.A. The Necessary and Proper Clause.

• Hamilton interprets broadly , means the Federal Govt. can do all kinds of things.

• Jefferson interprets narrowly —wants powers of Federal Govt. to be limited.

Hamilton Wants New Sources of Income

• Western Land Sales were only previous Nat. govt. direct income.

• Hamilton proposes 2 new taxes.

a. Tax on distillers of alcohol.

b. Tariff on imports.

The Whiskey Rebellion

• Hamilton gets a new tax passed on distilled liquor.

• This was bad for western farmers who turned their corn to whiskey so they could transport it easier.

• Farmers in Western Pennsylvania would not pay and did violence against the tax collectors.

• Washington and Hamilton led federal troops to put down the rebellion.

• Important because it showed that the National govt. was not weak like under the Articles of Confederation.

Whiskey Rebellion

Whiskey Rebellion

Soon, people begin to support one or the other.

• Those that follow Hamilton are called the Federalists .

• Those that follow Jefferson are called Democratic-Republicans (later they just become Democrats).

The French Revolution

• Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans support the Revolution.

• Hamilton and the Federalists don’t—they see it as the common people getting out of control.

• Soon, France and England go to War.

• The Democratic-Republicans support France.

• The Federalists support England.

What happens

• At First, Hamilton is able to get much of his program to become law.

• But Jefferson is elected President in 1800 • Hamilton is killed by Jefferson’s Vice-President —Aaron Burr—in a duel.

Burr Kills Hamilton

Hamilton or Jefferson

• Federalist • First Sec. of Treasury.

• Supports France • Wants powerful national government.

• Thinks US should stick to farming.

• Doesn’t think “common” people should have much of a say in government. • Favors a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

• Thought the govt. should encourage manufacturing.

Key Federalists are:

• George Washington • John Adams • John Marshall

Key Democratic Republicans

• James Madison • James Monroe

Quotes —Jefferson of Hamilton

• “We should not be dependant on foreign countries any longer, therefore, we should strive to develop a more diversified economy by developing manufacturing.” • “The people lack for judgment and thus should have as little to do with the government as possible.”

Jefferson or Hamilton

• “Those that labor the earth are the chosen people of God” • “The French Revolution is awful…it is a tyranny of democracy…the people have gone crazy.” • “The Constitution says nothing of a National Bank and therefore the government does not have the power to create one.”

Alien and Sedition Acts

• John Adams became President after Washington served 2-terms.

• A lot of people from France (as well as Democratic-Republicans) were trying to get the US to help France and go to war with England.

• Adams and the Federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts.

• Alien Act —Gave the president the power to deport any aliens that he thought were “dangerous to the peace and safety of the US.” • Sedition Act —Made it a crime to say or print anything bad about the President or the government.

• These laws were so unpopular that Adams lost to Jefferson in 1800.

Marbury v. Madison

• Federalists try to appoint Federalist judges before Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans take office.

• Adams appoints judges all the way until his last evening as president.

• These last appointed judges are called the “ midnight judges .” • William Marbury is one of these judges.

Marbury (Cont.)

• Marbury’s commission is not delivered.

• When Jefferson becomes Pres. the next day, he appoints James Madison as Sec. of State.

• Madison refuses to deliver Marbury’s appointment.

• Marbury sues Madison.

• Case goes to the Supreme Court where it declares the Judiciary Act that allowed the creation of new judges to be unconsitutional

•

FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM

•

Supreme Court

•

Courts of Appeals

•

District Courts

Justice

John Marshall

• Greatest Supreme Court Chief • Marshall is a Federalist • 1803—

Marbury V. Madison

establishes precedent of judicial review .

• Judicial review Constitutional.

means that the Supreme court gets to determine if laws passed by Congress are • Makes Supreme Court powerful.

Foreign Policy Legacy

• Washington’s Farewell Address urges against foreign alliances. THE US SHOULD TRY TO STAY NEUTRAL AND MIND ITS OWN BUSSINESS.

• Most energy is expended with westward expansion.

• Isolationism is dominant in regards to foreign affairs.

The War of 1812

• US tires to remain neutral in Napoleonic war between France and England.

• Both sides capture US ships trying to ship goods to the other country.

• The British begin forcing captured US sailors to serve in their navy (this is called Impressment ).

• US Tries and Embargo, but it only hurts the US economy.

• The US finally goes to war against England (War of 1812) • War ends in 1815 with nothing changed.

The Hartford Convention

• During the War of 1812, Federalists meet in Harford, Conn.

• They talk of dropping out of the US because they don’t like the war.

• They don’t, but meeting makes them look unpatriotic and after the war, nobody will support them and the party dies.

Key Terms

• Whiskey Rebellion • War of 1812 • Impressment • John Marshall • Alien Act • John Adams • Sedition Act • Democratic Republicans •

Marbury v. Madison

• Federalists

• Anti-Federalists

Review

• New Jersey Plan • Federalist Papers • Great Compromise • Articles of Confederation • 3/5 Compromise • Bill of Rights • Virginia Plan

The first Presidents and their Parties/States

• 1788-1796 Washington—Federalist. (VA) • 1796-1800 J.Adams—Federalist (Mass.) • 1800-1808 Jefferson—Dem.-Rep.(VA) • 1808-1816 Madison—Dem.-Rep.(VA) • 1816-1824 Monroe—Dem.-Rep.(VA)