Transcript Chapter 16--The World Economy

CHAPTER SIXTEEN
The World Economy
World Civilizations, The Global Experience
AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board,
which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 16: The World Economy
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
II. Toward a World Economy
III. Colonial Expansion
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
Increasing contact from 12th century
From Crusades, Reconquista
Familiarity with imports
Changes
Mongol fall
Ottomans intervene
European efforts to expand
A. New Technology: A Key to Power
Deep-draught ships
Better on ocean voyages
Armaments better
Compasses, mapmaking help navigation
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack
Prince Henry the Navigator
Expeditions along African coast
1488, pass Cape of Good Hope
1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India
1514, Portuguese to Indonesia, China
Columbus
To Americas, 1492
Ferdinand Magellan
1519, begins circumnavigation of the world
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
What is the
most
significant
result of the
British defeat
of the Spanish
in 1588?
Portugal and Spain lead the Rise of West
Prince Henry the Navigator
Expeditions along African coast
1498 - Vasco da Gama reaches India
Columbus - to Americas - 1492
Ferdinand Magellan – 1519 - circumnavigation of
world
1588, British defeat Spanish Armada
1534 - French cross the Atlantic - settle Canada
1497 - British to North America - 1600s - begin
colonization
Dutch - North American territory & Indonesia
Chartered companies – raise armies; control trade
Dutch/British East India Company
Little government supervision
Example: British control of India until 1947
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
III. Colonial Expansion
A. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Draw the
Columbian
Exchange
The Global Economy – Change
The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities
Silver/gold/lumber/food exported
Slaves imported
New World plants: corn, sweet potato, potato
Old World animals: horses, cattle
The Global Economy – Continuity
Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters
Muslim traders along east African coast
Turks in eastern Mediterranean
Europeans - remain on coast in Africa & Asia
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Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
1500s
Compare
Mercantilism with
the Hanseatic
League & Swahili
trade
The role of financial systems – banking
Spain and Portugal lack
England, France, Holland – more advanced
Mercantilism
Exports, home production protected –
mother country
Dependent areas (COLONIES) supply
raw materials; forced to trade only
w/mother country
A System of International Inequality
Permanent state of dependence
But peasants mostly unaffected
Forced labor - widespread - + demand
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
How much of the world
participated in the global
Economy?
Not all areas of world affected
East Asia self-sufficient
China uninterested in world economy
-keep Europeans out
Japan - open initially BUT closes
trade w/Europe 17th - 19th centuries
W. Europe – Expansionist Trend
Mughal Empire in decline
British, French move in
Eastern Europe
Exports grain to the West
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Chapter 16: The World Economy
Colonial Expansion
British & French North America: Backwater Colonies
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French, British and Dutch Holdings
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Note one difference between
Latin American colonization &
North American colonization
British North America
*Different pattern from Latin America
Religious refugees – Protestants
Land grants – economic motives
Native pop. not enslaved – rebel/die of disease;
African slaves imported
Canada - French establish estates
Controlled by state
Only French Catholics allowed to migrate
1763 – French cede Canada & Mississippi to
British – after losing Seven Years War
*Little merging of natives and immigrants
*Enlightenment ideas popular
North America and Western Civilization
European-style family
European economic, political ideas
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Latin America
Spain/ Portugal
North America
British/French
P-direct control
P-British – land grants
Fr-direct control
E-mining – all goods went through
Seville, Spain; lacked banking system
S – natives/mestizos treated poorly;
Spain – no slaves imported
Brazil – imports slaves
Strict social hierarchy; Spaniards marry
native women
Religion - Catholicism
E- mercantilism; trade controlled by
Dutch/British East India Companies;
banking system – loans to entrepreneurs
S – natives treated poorly by GB
Fr – allied w/native Americans
Br – slaves imported
Fr – no slaves imported
British do not intermarry w/native
Br – Protestant
Fr - Catholic
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Write one effect
of
colonialization
on each of the
following:
Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations
Barriers: climate, disease, geography
Angola - Portuguese slaving expeditions
South Africa
1652 - Dutch found Cape Town
Settlers move into interior
Conflicts with natives
Philippines
Spain – conversion
Indonesia
Dutch East India Company
Also Taiwan briefly
India - French and British fight for control
1744 - war begins; British victorious
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Effects of Colonial
Expansion on
Europe & colonies
Impact of Colonial Expansion on western Europe
Hostilities between countries exacerbated b/c of
competition over colonies
Seven Years’ War
-First global war
-Columbian Exchange – longer life spans; lower
child mortality rates in Europe
The Impact of a New World Order
Effects of Slave trade on Africa
Effects of slavery on Latin America
Effects of serf system on eastern Europe
-
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007