Transcript how hitler consolidated power sulaiman

THE RISE OF HITLER
The Rise of Hitler
 Hitler was a brilliant orator who
was very effective at public
speaking
 Public meetings were carefully
staged managed with floodlights,
military music and marches by
nazi supporters
 To rouse the people into
supporting Hitler without the
faintest idea of what they were
agreeing to
The Rise of Hitler
 Hitler managed to get the
support of some wealthy
industrialists
 Thought that a Nazi Germany
would be strong and thus good
for the economy
 Worried also about the growing
support for communism
 Thought that Hitler would be the
best defence against communism
The Rise of Hitler
 Eventually Hitler came to power
 Other parties could not resolve
their differences to unite
against him
 The President, Hindenburg, had
no choice but to appoint Hitler
as Chancellor in Jan 1933
 Beginning of the end for
Weimar Germany and the start
of the “Third Reich” (the third
German empire)
The Rise of Hitler
 The First Reich refers to the
rule of the Holy Roman Empires
(800-1806)
 The Second Reich refers to
the rule of the German
Emperors (1871 – 1918)
 The Third Reich refers to the
rule of Adolf Hitler (1933 –
1945)
You will learn……..
• How Hitler established political
control (power)
• How Hitler established social
control
• How Hitler established economic
control
POLITICAL CONTROL
 A “thousand year Reich”
 But Hitler’s Third Reich
only lasted 12 years
 Ended with Germany’s
defeat and Hitler’s
suicide amidst the ruins
of Berlin
 This lesson looks at what
happened inside
Germany in the years
before WWII broke out
Why Hitler was supported?
 Hitler : Chancellor in Jan
1933
 Supported by President,
German army and many
politicians
 Hoped for a strong govt
and a solution to
Germany’s economic
problems
 Then they will get rid of
Hitler
How Hitler consolidated his power?
 Hitler, however, was
determined to stay
 Went about making sure
he had complete power
 How?
1.
Use of Violence
 Stopped newspapers
from criticizing the Nazis
 Dismissed officials who
opposed him
 Use his unformed
followers to break up
meetings of other parties
and beat up his
opponents (SA & SS)
 Extreme Nazi violence
throughout the election
campaign, especially
against the communists
2.
The Reichstag Fire
 A week before the
elections, the
Reichstag building in
Berlin went up in
flames
 Hitler blamed the fire
on the communists
 Used this as an
excuse to issue an
emergency law
The Reichstag Fire
 This law removed
freedoms promised
by the Weimar
Republic
 Right to a fair trial
 Free press
 The fire was almost
certainly started by
the Nazis though the
Germans did not
know this then
3.
Election Campaign
 Called for new elections
for the Reichstag
(parliament)
 Although the Nazi Party
was the single largest
party in the Reichstag,
Hitler wanted an overall
majority
Results of the Election Campaign
 Results of election
 Nazis obtained 43%
 With the help of the
Nationalist party,
managed to scrap
through an overall
majority of 51%
4.
The Enabling Act, 1933
 Hitler now schemed to
have the Reichstag give
up its powers and rule as
a dictator
 To do this, the Reichstag
had to pass an “Enabling
Act” which required 2/3
majority
 Hitler achieved this.
 How do you think he did
it?
The Enabling Act, 1933
3 WAYS
1.
2.
3.
Banned communist
deputies from coming to
the Reichstag so they
could not use their votes –
Reichstag Fire
Persuaded the Centre
Party to vote for the Act
by giving vague promises
Using the votes of his
allies, the Nationalist Party
Effects of Enabling Act
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Because of the Enabling
Act, democracy died in
Germany
Other political parties were
banned
Trade Unions taken over
by the Nazis
Press, radio and cinema
placed under total Nazi
control
The End of Democracy in Germany

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Opponents arrested,
imprisoned or killed
Concentration camps and
forced labour camps
SS and Gestapo struck
terror into many Nazi
opponents
Many fled the country eg
Albert Einstein and the
writer Thomas Mann
5.
The Night of the Long Knives
1934
• Hitler wanted to have complete power
within his own party
• Ernst Rohm, leader of the SA, was
disappointed
– Not given a more important role in the new
government
– Started to create trouble for Hitler
• Hitler decide to get rid of him and many
of his followers
• How would you do that if you were
Hitler?
The Night of the Long Knives 1934
• Hitler called the leaders of the SA to a
special conference
• During the night, he had them dragged
out of bed and shot
• On the same night, many other
opponents all over Germany suffered
the same fate
• No public protests – demonstrated
Hitler’s power and the people’s fear
• This became known as the Night of the
Long Knives
6.
Establishing post of Fuhrer
• 2 months later, President Hindenberg
died
• Hitler combined the jobs of Chancellor
and President – Fuhrer (Leader)
• He also became commander in chief of
the armed forces
• He was now the supreme dictator of
Germany
1.
Education
 Aim of education – train
young people up to be
Nazis and loyal citizens
of Nazi Germany
 Education was carefully
controlled
 There was Race Studies
as well as German
History and Geography
 Strict curriculum’
indoctrinated with Nazi
ideas
2.
Youth Movements
Hitler Youth Movements:
 Girls and boys (14-18 yrs)
encouraged to join this
organisation
 Divided into different
sections according to age
 Those who did not join
found it difficult to get in the
University or to find jobs
after leaving school
 Military styled training /
motherhood – women to
stay at home and produce
babies
3.
Propaganda
 Controlled by Ministry of
People’s Enlightenment
and Propaganda
 Helped Germans agree
with Nazi Germany
 E.g. posters – images of
Hitler throughout
Germany
 E.g. Radio to broadcast
Hitler’s ideas, books,
music, etc.
4.
Censorship
 Banned undesired books
 Burnt books
 Newspapers tightly
controlled
 News slanted in favour of
the Nazis
5. Strict control of people
 Nazi Party – many ways
of controlling the lives
and influencing the
thoughts of the German
people
 People were watched
everywhere – at work, at
school, even at home!
 A PARTY
REPRESENTATIVE in
every street
 Gestapo or Secret Police
 SS – security forces as
well as control of the
police force
Strict control of the people
 Declared Nazis the Aryan
race – against
undesirable – Jews,
homosexuals, disabled
people, etc.
 Nazi controlled National
Reich Church –
celebrated Aryanism
The Jews
 Nazis had always attacked
the Jews
 Jews were blamed for all
of Germany’s problems
 Once in power, the Nazis
began a campaign of antisemitic persecution
The Jews
 Jews were arrested and
beaten up
 Many forced out of their
jobs
 Jewish shops had slogans
painted over their windows
 People were discouraged
from buying their goods
 Many left Germany but
most stayed
 They had nowhere else to
go
The Jews
 Between 1933 and 1938,
laws discriminating against
Jews were passed
 Jews were not allowed in
the civil service and the
judiciary
 Jews were not
considered German
citizens
 Jews could not take part
in economic activity
 Jews had to carry
identity cards and
passports which
identified them as Jews
The Jews
 1935 – Nuremberg Laws
 forbade Jews to marry
non-Jews
 Persecution turned violent
in 1938
 Mass murder of Jews –
what the Nazis called “The
Final Solution” to the
“Jewish problem” did not
take place until after the
outbreak of WWII
The Economy
 Hitler needed a
strong economy to
sustain his large
army
 He knew his Nazi
Party would win more
support if he could
revive the economy
and reduce
unemployment
The Economy
 Introduced road-building as
one measure to solve
Germany’s economic problems
 Provided jobs for large
numbers of people
 Had the income to buy more
goods which provided work
for others
 Other measures : reclaim
waste land and pull down
slums in the cities
 In this way, Hitler was able to
reduce the number of
unemployed
Bridge over Rhine River near KölnRodenkirchen (A4)
(photo taken in 1995)
The Economy
 Rearmament started in 1934 Greater demand for
armaments – jobs for people
in the arms factories
 A large party bureaucracy was
set up, providing thousands of
jobs
 Purges of Jews and anti-Nazis
from the civil service created
more jobs for the other
Germans
The Economy
 Growth in German army also
provided jobs
 Conscription reintroduced in
1935
 6 million unemployed in 1933
reduced to 2.5 million in 1935
to 250,000 in 1939
 Made Hitler immensely
popular with many Germans
Conclusion
 Having fulfilled his
promise of economic
recovery, and knowing
he had the German
people’s support, Hitler
was now ready for his
next plan of action
 To extend Germany’s
border and prove to the
world Germany’s
superiority