Existing Measures
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Transcript Existing Measures
Survey of Existing measures
Gavin Astin/ Terje Andersen
06 May 2011
Survey of Existing Measures - Method
Definition: “An existing measure is something that is applied now at least one of the
target countries (EU-27 plus the 3 candidate countries, Norway and Switzerland).”
How did we identify these:
- Development of survey questionnaire.
- Distribution of questionnaire to IMs, RUs, NSAs and other stakeholders (including plenty of
time on the telephone!)
- Translation of questions into local language in some cases.
- Internet research and journals to identify specific examples of applied measures.
- Network statements.
- Accident reports.
- Other sources as available.
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The Survey
The survey invitees:
-
Invited every IM to participate.
Invited at least two (where applicable) RUs per country to participate.
Invited several trade associations to participate.
Thanks to those who took the time to respond!
The survey questions (in summary):
-
What measures do you apply in terms of freight train derailment risk reduction.
Why do you apply these (regulatory requirement, national rule, company initiative etc).
How effective are these controls in your opinion.
What innovations / future controls are you aware of?
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Who Responded?
Country
Freight Op /
Wagon Owner
Infra Manager
Country
Freight Op /
Wagon Owner
Austria
Yes
Yes
Luxembourg
Yes
Yes
Macedonia
Belgium
Bulgaria
Yes
CER
Yes
Croatia
Netherlands
Yes
Norway
Yes
Poland
Yes
Portugal
Yes
Yes
Yes
France
Germany
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
Greece
Hungary
Yes
Yes
Romania
Estonia
Finland
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic
Denmark
Infra Manager
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Ireland
UIP
Yes
Italy
UNIFE
Yes
Yes
Japan
Great Britain
Yes
Yes
United States
Yes
Yes
Latvia
Yes
Yes
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
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Survey Coverage
The combined coverage (based only on individual country responses, not trade
associations) covers approximately 80% of the total freight traffic volume in
EU27/EEA countries.
In some cases the responses from trade associations provide the views of a number
of their members, some of whom have chosen not to respond individually.
Other sources of information (network statements etc) provides some additional
information for countries that declined our invitation.
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Survey Results
Identified 47 existing measures for the reduction of frequency of freight train
derailments.
Identified 13 measures associated with reduction of consequences following a
freight train derailment.
Some examples are presented in the following slides…
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Existing preventive measures to reduce Infrastructure caused
derailments (1)
Improved inspection routines:
- Timely maintenance follow-up of inspection results.
Upgrade weak infrastructure to match present axle loads:
- Freight only lines are today used for loading conditions far exceeding their design standard.
Stricter and more harmonised track geometry requirements to account for
international traffic.
Move signals which may show stop aspect away from track sections with geometry
not suitable for low speed breaking or acceleration, or adjust track geometry to train
operating conditions. Examples:
- Avoid signals that can show stop aspect behind small radius curves with high cant.
- Alternatively redesign track geometry or install check rails.
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Excessive track twist
Picture shows a train on a track in UK that
caused derailment due to excessive track
twist.
Track twist restriction area by draft TSI for
Conventional Rail Infrastructure for curves
with R< 420 m.
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Existing preventive measures to reduce Infrastructure caused
derailments (2)
Greasing of track curves.
Interlocking of points to avoid operation while occupied by rolling stock:
- Mainly at stations and shunting yards.
Increased separation of freight and passenger traffic along different lines and
adjustment of track geometry design to most frequent traffic type.
Apply ”maintenance free” superstructure design e.g. fixed track/slab track.
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Existing preventive measures to reduce Rolling stock related
derailments
Measures to avoid Hot Axle Box derailments:
- Wheel impact load detectors to detect faulty wheels giving excessive vibration to bearing.
- Improve bearing design by applying more vibration tolerant components in bearing.
- Track installed detector installations to detect faulty bearings or hot axle boxes:
- Hot axle box detectors.
- Bearing acoustic diagnostic.
Measures to avoid axle shaft fatigue ruptures:
-
Improved design standards.
Appropriate material selection.
Fault free surface corrosion protection.
Improved in service inspection in order to detect incipient failures.
Appropriate greasing of bogie pivots and side supports.
Apply improved suspension design, e.g.. parabolic blade springs instead of
trapezoidal blade springs.
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Rolling stock measures towards wheels and axles
Exchange brass roller bearings with polyaminde roller
cages
Evaluate use of composite wheels vs monoblock wheels.
European Visual Inspection Catalogue for Wheelsets
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Existing preventive measures to reduce Operational related derailments
Training of operational staff of all types.
Proper inspection, testing and check of wagons, train and departure route prior to
departure:
- Improved tools to ensure quality of these activities, e.g. check lists.
Improved tools to detect overloading, skew loading and/or insufficient fastened load:
- Weighing devices at terminal or along track.
- Visual balances on wagons.
ATP-system to avoid SPADs and excessive speed across deviated points/turnouts.
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Consequence Mitigation Measures
Category:
M#
Measures and motivation:
Rolling stock
M-1
Derailment detection detectors (valves) to avoid derailed wagons from being
dragged along for long distances.
Equip tank wagons with impact shield to protect tank against penetration (USrequirement also used in Sweden).
Install emergency warning lights on locomotive to warn train on neighbouring track
going in opposite direction.
Attach mechanical guides at the bogie structure or on wagon support at appropriate
position to ensure that a derailed wagon most likely is kept along the track and does
not overturn or become hit by other wagons.
Existing requirement for safety rails (guard rails) at bridges and in tunnels.
Battering rams in front of safety critical pillar supports of roof structures and
overbridges in order to prevent derailed rolling stock damaging such safety critical
structures.
Installation of dragging object and derailment detectors. The detector will detect
both dragging objects and derailments.
Installation of deviation points leading to a safe derailment place in strongly
descending tracks from marshalling yards and train formation stations.
Radio or cell phone communication installations like GSM-R in order to transfer
emergency stop orders to trains.
Separate passenger and freight traffic to separate lines to a larger degree (which is
also EU-policy).
Restrictions on freight traffic in general or hazardous materials transport in special
through certain busy passenger terminals and/or underground stations to restrict
traffic and limit the consequences of a derailment.
Develop and apply a checklist for dangerous goods transport as the Swiss checklist
for dangerous goods transport by freight trains.
Requirement for activating of warning lights in driving end of train.
M-2
M-3
M-4
Infrastructure
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
Operational
M-10
M-11
M-12
M-13
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Summing Up
Identified existing measures from consultation.
Identified 47 existing measures for the reduction of frequency of freight train
derailments.
Identified 13 measures associated with reduction of consequences following a
freight train derailment.
All preventive measures will be assessed in Part B, along with mitigation measures
based on detecting a derailment.
Additional measures may be identified during Part B.
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Barrier Model (example)
Condition
develops
AND
Condition not
detected / fixed
Axle failures
EVIC Inspection
Stronger axles, derating,
P38
P29, P37
Condition
develops
AND
Condition not
detected / fixed
Condition
develops
Replace roller cage
P28
Hot axle box
OR
Wheelset
failures
Hot axle box detectors,
vision devices, heat sensitive
chalks, alarm mgmt
P10, P11, P46
AND
Wheel failure
Condition not
detected / fixed
Bogie and
suspension
failures
Hot wheel, vision devices, wheel
load, wheel measurement, bogie
hunting
P12, P13, P15, P16
Replace wheels, disc brakes,
integrity programme, saw tooth
braking, anti-lock device, sliding
wheel detector, handbrake
interlock
Wagon frame
failures
P27, P32, P36, P44
Braking / other
system failures
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OR
Rolling stock
causes
End of Session - Any Questions
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Safeguarding life, property
and the environment
www.dnv.com
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