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Lecture # 1

Civil Engineering Material

Introduction

Instructor:

Dr. Attaullah Shah

Department of Civil Engineering Swedish College of Engineering and Technology-Wah Cantt. 2

What is Civil Engineering?

• Profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, including: • Buildings bridges, canals, dams, harbors, lighthouses, roads, tunnels, and • Environmental works (e.g., water supply systems) • The modern field includes power plants, aircraft and airports, chemical-processing and water treatment plants, and water treatment facilities • Civil engineering today involves: • Site investigations and feasibility studies, • Structural design and analysis, construction, and facilities maintenance.

• The design of engineering works requires the application of design theory from many fields (e.g., hydraulics, 3 thermodynamics, nuclear physics)

What is Civil Engineering?

• A branch of engineering that encompasses the conception, design, construction, and management of residential and commercial buildings and structures, water supply facilities, and transportation systems for goods and people, as well as control of the environment for the maintenance and improvement of the quality of life.

• Civil engineering includes planning and design professionals in both the public design professionals in both the public and private sectors, contractors, builders, educators, and researchers. Civil engineering is a professional 4

What is Civil Engineering?

• Engineering discipline that deals with the engineering discipline that deals with the design and construction of the physical and natural built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.

• Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it was defined to distinguish it from military engineering • Engineering is the application of objective knowledge to creation of plans, designs and means for achieving desired objectives.

• Technology deals with tools and techniques for carrying out plans.

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Sub Disciplines of Civil Engg.

• Environmental engineering • Geotechnical engineering • Structural engineering • Transportation engineering • Water resources engineering • Materials engineering • Coastal engineering • Surveying • Urban planning • Construction engineering and Management 6

Civil Engineering Materials Course • Credit Hours 3 ( 2+1) • Semester Weeks 16/18 • Evaluation/Grading

– Home Assignments (4) 10% – Quiz test (4) unannounced 15% – Midterm test: 25%

• Semester Exam 40% • Industrial visit: Visit to a cement factory

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Books • Text Book

– Engineering Materials, 5th Revised Edition by Surendra Singh.

• Reference Books

– Materials of Construction by S. Z. H. Syed yy – Building Materials, 2nd Edition by S. K. Duggal, Allahabad, India.

– Materials of Construction by R. C. Smith – Engineering Materials 3rd Revised Edition by R. K. Rajput, Patiala, Ind 8

Course outline

• Cement: • Chemistry, manufacture, properties, tests, types, hydration.

• Aggregates: • Coarse and fine aggregate, properties of coarse and fine aggregate, different test to measure different properties of coarse and fine aggregate. • Introduction to the manufacture, properties, types and use of concrete.

• Lime, chemistry, manufacture, properties, test, types, Hydration. • Bricks, chemistry, manufacture, properties, tests, types, applications. • Wood, types, seasoning and preservation techniques, laminated materials, gluing and joining techniques. 9

Grand Coulee Dam

Building Material • Building Material

– Materials use for construction of buildings, highways, bridges, mostly infrastructure.

– Any material which is used for construction purpose building material.

is called as • Natural materials: Unprocessed, raw, minimally processed.

• Synthetic materials • Industrial processing • Artificially composed 11

Details of Syllabus • Stone

• Definition • Classification of rocks • Physical and chemical characteristics of good building stones.

• Tests of stones • Quarrying and dressing of stones • Deterioration mechanism of stones – Selection of stones – Preservation of stones – Artificial or cast stones – Natural bed of stone and stone masonry 13

• Bricks

– Definition – Classification of bricks – Manufacture of bricks – Comparison of stone and – Brick earth (composition, harmful substances) – Physical and chemical qualities of good bricks – Fire or refractory bricks – Tests done on burnt clay bricks.

– Types of brick masonry bonds – Use of bricks in slabs 14

• Timber

– Definition – Classification – Characteristics of hard and soft – Growth of timber and its structures – Characteristics of good timber. – Tests performed on timber.

– Defects in timber and their effects on member response. – Seasoning of timber.

– Preservation of timber.

– Use of timber in construction.

– Veneers and plywood.

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• Paints and Varnishes

– Definition – Functions of paints – Composition of oil paints.

– Preparation of oil paints – Characteristics of good paints – Types of paints – Rheological properties of paints – Defects in painting 16

• Metals

– Introduction – Composition, properties, uses and manufacture of ferrous metals used in civil engineering – Pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron and steel treatment and their effect on steel properties – Corrosion and methods of its prevention 17

• Plastics

– Definition – Classification of plastics – Properties of plastics .

– Manufacturing processes – Use of plastics in building construction 18

• Glass

– Introduction – Raw materials – Manufacturing processes of glass.

– Types of glass – Properties of glass – Classification of glass – Uses of glass 19

• Miscellaneous materials

– Lime – Gypsum – Tiles – Rubber – Asbestos – Paving Asphalt, Bitumen • General description • Composition varieties properties and uses of bitumen 20

– Insulating materials – Water proofing materials – Heat insulating materials – Acoustic materials – Constituents of concrete • General description of cement and phases of cement clinker production • Composition and manufacture of cement • Properties of Portland cement • Properties of Portland cement • Discussion and properties of concrete constituents 21