Transcript Ferrous Metals and Alloys - Ivy Tech -

Chapter 5
Ferrous metals and
alloys

 Among the most useful of all metals
 Contain iron as their base metal
 Carbon and alloy steels
 Stainless steels
 Tool & die steels
 Cast irons
 Cast steels
A ferrous alloy, as simple as a mixture of iron
and carbon, but also containing a number of
alloying elements to impart various
properties
TABLE 5.1 Applications for Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels
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Examples of ferrous
alloy uses
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 Sheet steel for automobiles, appliances, containers
 Plates for boilers, ships, bridges
 Structural steel such as I-beams, axles, bar products,
railroad ties, crankshafts
 Tools, dies and molds
 Rods and wire for fasteners such a s bolts, rivets,
nuts, and staples
 The average US passenger vehicle contains about
2700 lb of steel (60% of its weight)
Designations for steel
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 AISI and SAE designate carbon and alloy steels using
4 digits.
 The first two digits indicate the alloying elements
and their percentages
 The last two digits indicate the carbon content by
weight
 ASTM has another designation system
UNS (Unified Numbering
System) is the present system
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Letter gives the general class of alloy
G- ANSI and SAE carbon steels
J- Cast steels
K-Miscellaneous steels and ferrous
alloys
S-stainless steels
T-tool steels
5 digit number gives chemical composition
Carbon Steels
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 Classified by their proportion (by weight) of carbon
content
 Low-carbon steel or mild steel (<.30% Carbon)
 Medium-carbon steel (0.3%<Carbon<0.6%)
 High-carbon steel(>0.6% Carbon)
 Resulfurized carbon steels
 Alloy steels – steels containing significant amounts
of alloying elements
TABLE 5.2 Typical Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy
Steels
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Stainless Steels
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 Corrosion resistance
 High strength
 High ductility
 High chromium content
 “They are called STAINLESS because, in the
presence of oxygen (air), they develop a thin, hard,
adherent film of chromium oxide that protects the
metal from corrosion.”
TABLE 5.5 Mechanical Properties and Typical Applications of Selected Annealed
Stainless Steels at Room Temperature
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Tool and Die Steels
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 Specially alloyed steels designed for
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High strength
Impact toughness
Wear resistance at room & elevated temperatures
Used in forming & machining metals
TABLE 5.6 Basic Types of Tool and Die Steels
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TABLE 5.7 Processing and Service Characteristics of Common Tool and Die Steels
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TABLE 5.8 Typical Tool and Die Materials for Metalworking Processes