First Aid Booklet Slide Show ()
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Transcript First Aid Booklet Slide Show ()
Cuts and Scrapes
Control bleeding using firm pressure
and universal precautions
Clean thoroughly with soap and water
Dress with gauze or a Band-aid
Have a cut evaluated for stitches if:
longer
than 1/4-1/2 inch
fat or tissue protruding from cut
on the face
gaping open
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Bleeding
2
Always wear gloves (carry them with you)
Apply direct, firm pressure, using gauze or a
clean cloth
Elevate the area, if possible (above the
heart)
Hold firm pressure for 7-10 minutes, without
stopping to “check”
After bleeding controlled, clean the wound
and apply a dressing
Arterial & Uncontrolled
Bleeding
3
Arterial blood is bright red, and spurts
with each heartbeat--Blood from a
vein will be darker red, and flow
steadily
If bleeding is arterial, or is
uncontrolled after 10 minutes of firm
pressure, have someone call 911
If anything is protruding from the
wound, leave it, and tape a dressing
to hold it in place
Nosebleeds
4
Very common in children
Have the student lean forward, not back
Apply firm pressure--7-10 minutes
Pinch the nostrils not bridge of nose
Afterwards, do not let the child blow!
Prolonged or recurrent nosebleeds
should be reported to parents for
possible medical attention
Fractures, Sprains and Dislocations
5
A fracture is a broken bone
A sprain is an injury to the ligaments
around a joint
A dislocation is when a bone slips out of
it’s socket.
It takes an X-ray to tell the difference
Fractures, Sprains and Dislocations
Remember “PRICE”
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P is for Protect: Splint in position found
R is for Rest: Avoid further movement
I is for Ice: To minimize swelling and
pain
C is for Compress: Ace bandage, check
often
E is for Elevate, above the heart
Head Injuries
For minor head injuries
Rest
and Ice
Back to class
Recheck in clinic in 1-2 hours for:
Increasing
headache pain
Vision problems
Memory loss
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Head Injuries
Symptoms that would indicate a more
severe head injury, requiring medical
attention are:
Loss of consciousness
Clear fluid from nose or ear
Vision or speech problems, unequal
pupils
Inability to arouse from sleep
Vomiting 3 or more times
Unsteady gait, neck pain
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Neck and Spinal Injuries
Always suspect a neck or spinal
injury if the child:
Has fallen more than 10 ft
Has a bad head injury
Does not get up quickly
Tells you he has neck or back
pain
9
Neck and Spinal Injuries
Do not move him if you suspect spinal
injury
Someone else should call 911 while you
stay with the child
If he vomits, roll him to one side, “like a
log”, keeping his neck and back straight
10
Allergic Reactions
Insect sting, food, medication, latex
Remember the Three R’s:
Recognize
React
symptoms
quickly
Review what caused the reaction,
and how well the emergency plan
worked
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Allergic Reactions
Signs of a severe reaction are:
Intense itching, hives
Facial swelling, especially eyes and lips
Cough, hoarseness, or difficulty
swallowing
Wheezing, more severe respiratory
difficulty
Check emergency plan, follow directions
Give epi-pen immediately, if ordered
Call 911, observe for breathing problems
12
Shock
Shock can result from a severe injury,
illness, or infection
The child may be disoriented, confused,
or unconscious
Skin will be pale and clammy
Shock results when the body sends
blood and oxygen to the most vital
organs
13
Shock
Call 911
Have child lie down and elevate or prop legs
12 inches or more
14
Keep the child warm and calm
Observe for further problems with breathing or circulation
Do not give child anything to eat or drink
Burns
First aid is cold water
Helps control pain, stop burning
process
Do not use ice
Dress with a clean bandage
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Leave blisters intact
If the burn is on the hand or face, or is
larger than the palm of the hand:
Call parents to seek further medical
attention
Seizures
A seizure is an episode of abnormal
electrical activity in the brain
May vary from staring spells, to
movement of one extremity, to a
generalized or grand mal seizure
First aid for a child having a seizure is to
prevent injury and observe for
complications. A seizure management
plan should be completed and on file
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Seizures
17
It is helpful to check the time, so you can tell
parents or EMS how long it lasted
Do not put anything in the child’s mouth, but do
speak calmly to him
When the seizure is over, the child will usually
be sleepy. Turn him to one side
Call 911 if it is the first seizure or lasts longer
than 5 minutes
Eye Injuries
Foreign Bodies or Splashes
Flush with large amounts of water for
15-20 minutes
Cover the eye with a gauze dressing
Don’t let the child rub, Call parents
For a penetrating eye injury
Keep student lying flat
Cover with a metal shield, or “cup”
Call 911
18
Heat Emergencies
Heat Cramps
Heat Exhaustion: Headache, nausea, faintness, skin
pale and clammy
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Move student to a cool place
Give fluids (water)
May try a gentle massage of cramped area
Move to a cool place, lie down
Give sips of water (4 oz. every 15 minutes)
Apply cool, wet cloths, fan
Notify parents
Heat Emergencies
Heat Stroke is a medical emergency: skin
is red, hot, dry; high fever; disoriented; may
have seizures, unconsciousness
Transport to air-conditioned room
Call 911, notify parents
Sponge with water and apply cold
packs
Do not give fever reducers
Avoid exposure to extreme
temperatures for several days
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Dental Injuries
21
Broken or knocked out teeth
Notify parents, child should see dentist or
ER within 1 hour if possible
If bleeding, apply pressure
If tooth is knocked out, find tooth, place in
a cup of milk or “Save a Tooth”, send with
child
Do not rub or clean tooth
Rinse mouth with cool water
Bee Stings and Insect Bites
•Remove Stinger by flicking it with a driver’s
license or credit card
•Apply ice or cold compress
•Use Epi-Pen if you have one for this child, call 911
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intense itching
trouble breathing
hives
wheezing
hoarseness
paleness
difficulty
swallowing
facial swelling
Tick Removal
Remove the tick by pulling straight out with
tweezers or your fingers
Wash with soap and water
Inform parent or caregiver
This is NOT an emergency and does not need to
be treated immediately
Provide follow-up information that includes
seeing a doctor if the child develops a rash,
fever, or headache and possibly joint pain a
week to 30 days after a tick bite
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Splinter Removal
Use Clean tweezers
If you see the object sticking out of the skin
grasp and gently pull out the same direction it
went in
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No digging or doing anything invasive
Wash with soap and water
Bumps and Bruises
Apply ice for 20 minutes – use a thin layer of
cloth or paper towel between ice and skin. Ice
for 10 mins then remove for 10 mins.
25
Elevate the area if possible
Do not break or open blood blisters
Sunburn
Avoid direct sun between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.
Recommend students bring sunscreen from
home to outdoor events
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Treat sunburn with cool compress
Encourage extra fluids
Georgia Poison Center
When to call them:
For
any ingestion of a non-food item
For a chemical splash or burn
For an animal bite
And the numbers are:
404.616.9000
1.800.282.5846
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