Transcript Lifetime Health Ch 13
Chapter 13
Preventing Infectious Diseases
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
How to Answer:
1 = never 2 = occasionally 3 = most of the time 4 = all of the time
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13
What do your answers mean?
22-32: you’re doing a good job of protecting yourself from the spread of infectious disease.
11-21: you’re doing well overall but there is room for improvement.
0-10: you need to carefully look at your habits, to help prevent catching or spreading an infectious disease.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13
Preventing Infectious Diseases
• • •
Contents
Section 1
What Are Infectious Diseases?
Section 2
Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases
Section 3
Common Infectious Diseases Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?
What CAUSES Infectious Diseases?
Infectious diseases
• caused by agents invading the body
1. Bacteria
• single-celled organisms • • some cause disease some are harmless or even helpful to the body • Examples: tetanus, tuberculosis (TB), strep throat, sinus infections What Staph & MRSA looks like Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?
What CAUSES Infectious Diseases?
2. Viruses
• Invade & replicate inside living cells. • Examples: colds, flu, measles, chicken pox, HPV, Hepatitis, HIV.
3. Fungi
• absorb & use the nutrients of living or dead organisms. • Examples: athlete’s foot, ringworm Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?
What CAUSES Infectious Diseases?
4. Protozoans
accounts for some of the leading causes of death worldwide (ex: malaria)
5. Parasites
• feed on other living things • Examples: head lice, tapeworms, and some roundworms are parasites.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?
How Are Infectious Diseases TREATED?
1. Antibiotics
• kill or slow the growth of bacteria. • Examples: penicillin, bactrim (staph).
2. Antibiotic resistance
• a condition in which bacteria can no longer be killed by a particular antibiotic.
• Improper use of antibiotics contributes to the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?
How Are Infectious Diseases TREATED?
3. Treating Viral Diseases
• Difficult to treat. Most antiviral medications focus on relieving symptoms. • Viruses are not affected by antibiotics.
4. Treating Fungal Infections
• Some infections are treatable with OTC’s • Others require Rx Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?
How Are Infectious Diseases TREATED?
5. Treating Protozoan Infections
• The best protection is prevention, and using good hygiene & sanitation.
6. Treating Parasites
• Example: Head lice can be treated with medicated shampoos.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases How Your Body Fights Disease
1. Physical barriers
to pathogens include: • Skin (simple barrier) • Mucous membranes (trap pathogens) • Chemicals (weaken or kill)
2. Inflammation (and Infection)
• a normal reaction to injury. •
SIGNS OF INFECTION (pathogens are winning the battle over your body):
•
Pain
• •
Redness Swelling
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Chapter 13 Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases
How Your Body Fights Disease
3.
The
immune system
is the body’s system for fighting disease once it is in the body.
4. White blood cells
disease.
5. Antibodies
defend the body against are proteins that mark pathogens to be destroyed by white blood cells.
6.
The
lymphatic system
is a network of vessels that carry
lymph
throughout the body, carrying viruses and bacteria back to the lymph nodes.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases
What You Can Do to Stay Well
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Get enough sleep.
Avoid close contact with sick people.
Protect yourself (wash hands, cover wounds, etc) Eat a healthy, balanced diet.
Drink plenty of water.
Get regular medical checkups.
Stay up to date on all available vaccines.
Reduce your stress levels.
Exercise regularly.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases
What to Do When You Are Sick
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stay home and rest.
Drink plenty of fluids.
Throw away tissues you use right away.
Follow all the directions your doctor gives, like following directions for medications.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases
How to Prevent the Spread of Disease
1.
2.
3.
4.
Get vaccinated (required school shots, flu shots, etc).
Wash with soap frequently (> 30 seconds).
Don’t share: • Food • Drinks • Personal items (toothbrushes, etc).
Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough with tissue, and wash hands very frequently.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases
How to Prevent the Spread of Disease
5.
When you are outdoors: • wear long-sleeved shirts and pants in long grass • use insect repellant when necessary • avoid contact with animals that behave strangely (rabies) • avoid drinking and swimming in remote, still waters (amoeba, etc) Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Diseases Affect Everybody
•
The best defense against pathogens is avoiding behaviors that increase our risk of infection.
• • No matter how healthy we are, we all become ill from diseases sometimes.
There are so many pathogens in so many places it is impossible to avoid them.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Common BACTERIAL Diseases 1. Tetanus
• causes severe muscle spasms. • It enters the body through cuts or wounds. • Vaccinations are the best form of prevention.
2. Strep throat
• sore throat and spots on the tonsils. • spread by contact with mucus. • The best prevention is avoiding contact with infected people.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Common BACTERIAL Diseases 3. Meningitis
• inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord. • spread by contact with mucus or saliva. • There are some vaccines for meningitis.
4. Sinus infections (Sinusitis)
• cause headaches, mucus, and pressure in the head. • spread by contact with mucus. • Prevention includes avoiding infected people and avoiding irritants and allergens in the air.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Common BACTERIAL Diseases 5. Salmonella
• headaches, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. • It is spread by eating food from an infected animal or food contaminated by an infected person. • Prevention involves proper refrigeration, cooking, and handling of food.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Other Common Diseases 1. Fungal infections
• examples: athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm • often occurs when the fungus contacts dark, • warm, moist skin. Prevention: good personal hygiene and keeping clothes clean & dry.
2. Malaria
• the most widespread and serious protozoan • • disease worldwide. spread from person to person via
mosquitoes
. Malaria can be prevented and treated with antimalarial medicines.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Other Common Infections 3. Parasites
a) inside
the body examples: hookworms,
b)
tapeworms
outside
the body examples: lice, c) leeches, ticks, fleas contracted by: • eating infected food • drinking infected water • • contacting infected soil getting bitten by infected insects Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 13 Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
Working Toward a Healthy Future
• • International air travel has made it easier for diseases to spread from country to country. Public health organizations throughout the • world fight diseases through vaccinations and treatments.
The National Institute of Health (NIH) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) track the spread of diseases and watch for new diseases entering the country.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
End of Chapter 13
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.