Spanish Explore
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Transcript Spanish Explore
The fall of great
empires and
the arrive of
the
Conquistadors
:
Who are the Triangles?
Play while students are entering
http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/video
s
Conquistador
Conquistador: Spanish explorers and
conqueror
The Aztec
Call themselves Mexica (x makes a sh
sound)
Poor nomadic people
Wander around and get kicked out of places
Become soldiers for hire
God of war Huitzilopochtli tells them to
found a city of their own
Tells the Mexica to look for an
eagle perched on a cactus
holding a snake
They find this on a small island
in Lake Texcoco
Found their city there and
name it Tenochtitlan
No other groups really care it’s a bad place to live
Tenochtitlan
The Mexica begin to better their city
Drain marshes
Bring in irrigation
Build chinampas - floating gardens
Add land to their island
The Triple Alliance
Aztecs form alliance with two other citystates surrounding Lake Texcoco
Texcoco
Tlacopan
Early 1500’s - empire of 80,000 square
miles, 38 provinces, 5-15 million people
Building an Empire
Aztecs use war machine to conquer
Loose political control
Demand tribute - gold, maize, cacao beans,
cotton, jade
Use military as a punishment
Religion
Dominates life much like the Maya
Worship gods such as Quetzalcoatl,
Huizilopochtli, Ehcatl, Xipe Totec
Gods need blood to sustain life - huge
amounts of human sacrifice take place
Need to conquer more lands to get more
captives for sacrifice - Flowery War
Conquered nations not happy
Xipe Totec
Our Lord the Flayed One
Very particular form of sacrifice demanded
Gets the Aztec in big trouble early in their
history
Montezuma and Cortes
The Spanish Conquest
1519 - Cortes lands off eastern coast of
Mexico with 550 soldiers and sailors
16 horses are there as well - first ones ever
in the New World
Natives are not sure what to think - are
these people gods or humans?
The Conquistadors
Have steel swords
Cannons
Guns
Horses
Montezuma’s Dilemma
Montezuma is the Aztec emperor
What should he do with newcomers
Are they the return of Quetzalcoatl?
Has to be cautious - sends gifts to them and
tells them not to bother traveling to
Tenochtitlan
Conquistadors continue inland - sporadic
fighting occurs
Quetzalcoatl was
described to be a
white skinned man
with a beard
Cortez arrived during
this celebration and
looked like this god
Montezuma Lets Them In
He is too indecisive
Allows the conquistadors into Tenochtitlan
and treats them as guests
Conquistadors are shocked by what they see
- good and bad
Cortez shocked by the human sacrifices said
to get rid of destroy all ideals
Aztecs PO
Cortez took Montezuma prisoner
Cortez found out Aztec killed some of his
troops
Cortez order Montezuma to burn all the
soldiers involved in the attack were burned
alive
Cortez was obsessed with the gold
Aztec had their fill of the Spanish and ran
them out
Aztec started to get small pox
Spanish army reattached and conquered
80 days of a siege
Spanish Regroup
Conquistadors escape and regroup
Take refuge with Tlaxcalan allies
Attack Tenochtitlan again
Divide conquistadors up and have a flotilla
attack all at once
Aztec are defeated
INCAS
http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/the-incacivilization-pre-columbian-southamerica.html
http://www.history.com/shows/mankindthe-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-thestory-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas
Exploring
Spain explored from
California to Florida
Juan Ponce de Leon
searched
Legend of youthful
water-never found
DARN!
http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20081102125950/pirates/i
mages/d/d6/Juan_Ponce_de_Leon.jpg
Exploring
DeSoto: searched the Southeast for gold
He died
Francisco Coronado: explored the
southwest
Lots of native resistance
Settling New Spain
Conquistadors were bad rulers
at first
Three types of settlements
Pueblos:towns; centers of trade
Presidios: forts were soldiers
lived
Missions: religious settlements
run by Catholic priests
Social Classes
Haciendas: Large land tracts
Given to Peninsulares
Who is going to work land?
Ecomiendas: land
grants that included
the right to demand
labor or taxes from
Natives
Social class system
Start of Atlantic
Slave Trade
http://9f1780.medialib.glogster.com/media/357a382c1179f7959ec74b2cad93b88e83ab76aa467b610834dd186df1f57797/social-
Social Classes
Peninsulares: born in Spain,
highest jobs in gov &
Church
Creoles: people born in the
Americas to Spanish parents
Mestizos: Mixed Spanish &
Indian
Labor (enslaved & Natvies)