Transcript File - Dr. Jerry Cronin

Chapter 24 – The Urinary System
The
Glomerulus
Kidney
Tubules
Urine
“Kidneying”
“Urine
Town”
Hodgepodge
$100
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$200
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$300
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$400
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$500
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FINAL ROUND
The Glomerulus:
$100 Question
What is the composition of the filtrate in
the capsular space?
a. Like urine, only more concentrated
b. Similar to water
c. Like urine, only less concentrated
d. Similar to plasma, only no proteins
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$100 Answer
What is the composition of the filtrate in
the capsular space?
a. Like urine, only more concentrated
b. Similar to water
c. Like urine, only less concentrated
d. Similar to plasma, only no proteins
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$200 Question
What nephron structures are involved in
filtration?
a. PCT, lamina densa, and descending loop of
Henle.
b. Filtration slits of the podocytes and PCT
c. Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and
filtration slits of the podocytes
d. Glomerular capillaries and PCT
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$200 Answer
What nephron structures are involved in
filtration?
a. PCT, lamina densa, and descending loop of
Henle.
b. Filtration slits of the podocytes and PCT
c. Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and
filtration slits of the podocytes
d. Glomerular capillaries and PCT
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$300 Question
Why don’t plasma proteins pass into the
capsular space under normal circumstances?
a. Glomerular capillary pores are too small.
b. Glomerular blood pressure is too low.
c. Glomerular filtration rate is too low.
d. Glomerular blood flow it too slow.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$300 Answer
Why don’t plasma proteins pass into the
capsular space under normal circumstances?
a. Glomerular capillary pores are too small.
b. Glomerular blood pressure is too low.
c. Glomerular filtration rate is too low.
d. Glomerular blood flow it too slow.
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$400 Question
What is the role of capsular hydrostatic
pressure (CsHP)?
a. Pushes water and solutes out of plasma
into the filtrate
b. Draws water out of the filtrate and into
plasma
c. Pushes water and solutes out the filtrate
into plasma
ANSWER
d. Regulates blood pressure
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$400 Answer
What is the role of capsular hydrostatic
pressure (CsHP)?
a. Pushes water and solutes out of plasma
into the filtrate
b. Draws water out of the filtrate and into
plasma
c. Pushes water and solutes out the filtrate
into plasma
d. Regulates blood pressure
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$500 Question
Why are glomerular pressures higher than
pressure in other capillaries?
a. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than
the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance.
b. Sodium content of the filtrate increases pressure.
c. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure.
d. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer than
the efferent arteriole.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
The Glomerulus:
$500 Answer
Why are glomerular pressures higher than
pressure in other capillaries?
a. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than
the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance.
b. Sodium content of the filtrate increases pressure.
c. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure.
d. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer than
the efferent arteriole.
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$100 Question
What effect does decreased Na+
concentration of filtrate have on the pH of
tubular fluid?
a. Tubular fluid pH will be higher.
b. Tubular fluid pH will be lower.
c. There is not an effect on pH.
d. Tubular fluid neutral, pH 7
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$100 Answer
What effect does decreased Na+
concentration of filtrate have on the pH of
tubular fluid?
a. Tubular fluid pH will be higher.
b. Tubular fluid pH will be lower.
c. There is not an effect on pH.
d. Tubular fluid neutral, pH 7
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$200 Question
Why is the presence of microvilli important
to the epithelial tissue of the PCT?
a. Because reabsorption is occurring
b. Because filtration is occurring
c. Because secretion of toxins and ions is
occurring
d. Because urine elimination
ANSWER
is occurring
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$200 Answer
Why is the presence of microvilli important
to the epithelial tissue of the PCT?
a. Because reabsorption is occurring
b. Because filtration is occurring
c. Because secretion of toxins and ions is
occurring
d. Because urine elimination
is occurring
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$300 Question
How does the diameter of the lumen of the
loop of Henle change along its length?
a. The lumen is widest near the PCT.
b. The lumen is the same diameter
along its length.
c. The lumen is narrower where water
reabsorption is occurring.
ANSWER
d. None of these is correct.
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$300 Answer
How does the diameter of the lumen of the
loop of Henle change along its length?
a. The lumen is widest near the PCT.
b. The lumen is the same diameter
along its length.
c. The lumen is narrower where water
reabsorption is occurring.
d. None of these is correct.
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$400 Question
Why does a decrease in Na+ in the distal
convoluted tubule lead to an increase in
blood pressure?
a. Because it decreases water content in blood
b. Because it increases renin production
c. Because it increases filtration rate
d. Because it increases water loss through
kidneys
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$400 Answer
Why does a decrease in Na+ in the distal
convoluted tubule lead to an increase in
blood pressure?
a. Because it decreases water content in blood
b. Because it increases renin production
c. Because it increases filtration rate
d. Because it increases water loss through
kidneys
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$500 Question
Why does osmotic concentration decrease in
the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
a. Urea is transported out of the tubule.
b. Na+ and CI- are actively transported out
of the tubular fluid.
c. The thick ascending limb is permeable to
water.
d. A and B are correct.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Kidney Tubules:
$500 Answer
Why does osmotic concentration decrease in
the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
a. Urea is transported out of the tubule.
b. Na+ and CI- are actively transported out
of the tubular fluid.
c. The thick ascending limb is permeable to
water.
d. A and B are correct.
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$100 Question
Which structures exit at the hilum of the
kidney?
a. Renal artery and nerves
b. Renal vein and ureter
c. Renal capsule and renal sinus
d. A and B are correct
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$100 Answer
Which structures exit at the hilum of the
kidney?
a. Renal artery and nerves
b. Renal vein and ureter
c. Renal capsule and renal sinus
d. A and B are correct
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$200 Question
An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney
stone limits the flow of urine between
which two points?
a. Ureter and urethra
b. Renal medulla and renal pelvis
c. Renal medulla and urethra
d. Renal pelvis and urinary bladder
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$200 Answer
An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney
stone limits the flow of urine between
which two points?
a. Ureter and urethra
b. Renal medulla and renal pelvis
c. Renal medulla and urethra
d. Renal pelvis and urinary bladder
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$300 Question
The ability to control the micturition reflex
depends on the ability to control which
muscle?
a. Urogenital diaphragm
b. Internal urinary sphincter
c. External urinary sphincter
d. Coccygeus
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$300 Answer
The ability to control the micturition reflex
depends on the ability to control which
muscle?
a. Urogenital diaphragm
b. Internal urinary sphincter
c. External urinary sphincter
d. Coccygeus
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$400 Question
Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a
high level of bilirubin. What condition may
she have?
a. Liver disease
b. Anorexia
c. Ketonuria
d. Renal infection
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$400 Answer
Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a
high level of bilirubin. What condition may
she have?
a. Liver disease
b. Anorexia
c. Ketonuria
d. Renal infection
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$500 Question
What effect does eating a high-protein diet
have on the composition of urine?
a. Increased urea
b. Increased potassium
c. Increased fluid volume
d. A and C are correct
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Kidneying":
$500 Answer
What effect does eating a high-protein diet
have on the composition of urine?
a. Increased urea
b. Increased potassium
c. Increased fluid volume
d. A and C are correct
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$100 Question
Which portion of a nephron is not in the
renal cortex?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b. Distal convoluted tubule
c. Collecting duct
d. Loop of Henle
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$100 Answer
Which portion of a nephron is not in the
renal cortex?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b. Distal convoluted tubule
c. Collecting duct
d. Loop of Henle
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$200 Question
Damage to which part of the nephron
interferes with hormonal control of blood
pressure?
a. Bowman’s capsule
b. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. PCT
d. Loop of Henle
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$200 Answer
Damage to which part of the nephron
interferes with hormonal control of blood
pressure?
a. Bowman’s capsule
b. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. PCT
d. Loop of Henle
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$300 Question
What event occurs when the plasma
concentration of a substance exceeds its
tubular maximum?
a. Glomerular blood pressure increases.
b. Filtration shuts down.
c. Excess is excreted in urine.
d. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$300 Answer
What event occurs when the plasma
concentration of a substance exceeds its
tubular maximum?
a. Glomerular blood pressure increases.
b. Filtration shuts down.
c. Excess is excreted in urine.
d. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases.
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$400 Question
How would the absence of juxtamedullary
nephrons affect the volume of urine and its
osmotic concentration?
a. Decrease volume; decrease osmotic concentration
b. Decrease volume; increase osmotic concentration
c. Increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration
d. Increase volume; increase osmotic concentration
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$400 Answer
How would the absence of juxtamedullary
nephrons affect the volume of urine and its
osmotic concentration?
a. Decrease volume; decrease osmotic concentration
b. Decrease volume; increase osmotic concentration
c. Increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration
d. Increase volume; increase osmotic concentration
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$500 Question
Where is concentration of urine the
greatest? Why?
a. In the PCT / The PCT is where most
reabsorption is occurring.
b. In the medulla / Concentrating
mechanism relies on osmosis
c. In the DCT / Water diffuses out
d. The glomerulus / It has highest
concentration of solutes.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
"Urine Town"
$500 Answer
Where is concentration of urine the
greatest? Why?
a. In the PCT / The PCT is where most
reabsorption is occurring.
b. In the medulla / Concentrating
mechanism relies on osmosis
c. In the DCT / Water diffuses out
d. The glomerulus / It has highest
concentration of solutes.
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$100 Question
Where does urine production begin?
a. Renal artery
b. Minor calyces
c. Nephron
d. Collecting duct
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$100 Answer
Where does urine production begin?
a. Renal artery
b. Minor calyces
c. Nephron
d. Collecting duct
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$200 Question
How are cortical and juxtamedullary
nephrons structurally different?
a. Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa
recta.
b. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs.
c. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of
Henle.
d. All of the above are differences.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$200 Answer
How are cortical and juxtamedullary
nephrons structurally different?
a. Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa
recta.
b. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs.
c. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of
Henle.
d. All of the above are differences.
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$300 Question
What effect does an increased amount of
aldosterone have on K+ concentration of
urine?
a. K+ Increases
b. K+ decreases
c. No effect
d. Impossible to predict
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$300 Answer
What effect does an increased amount of
aldosterone have on K+ concentration of
urine?
a. K+ Increases
b. K+ decreases
c. No effect
d. Impossible to predict
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$400 Question
All of the following except _______ are
effects of angiotensin II.
a. Elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR
b. Inhibition of ADH release
c. Elevation of arterial pressure throughout the
body
d. Stimulation of NA reabsorption in the DCT
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$400 Answer
All of the following except _______ are
effects of angiotensin II.
a. Elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR
b. Inhibition of ADH release
c. Elevation of arterial pressure throughout the
body
d. Stimulation of NA reabsorption in the DCT
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$500 Question
What is the role of the vasa recta in the
urinary system?
a. Increasing specific gravity of urine
b. Increasing the osmotic concentration of urine
c. Returning water and solutes to general
circulation
d. Cleansing blood before it reenters systemic
circulation
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Hodgepodge:
$500 Answer
What is the role of the vasa recta in the
urinary system?
a. Increasing specific gravity of urine
b. Increasing the osmotic concentration of urine
c. Returning water and solutes to general
circulation
d. Cleansing blood before it reenters systemic
circulation
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
What direct affect does sympathetic
activation have on GFR?
a. Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the
afferent arteriole
b. Metabolic waste buildup
c. Dilation of the afferent arteriole
d. Dilation of glomerular capillaries and
constriction of the efferent arteriole
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Answer
What direct affect does sympathetic
activation have on GFR?
a. Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the
afferent arteriole
b. Metabolic waste buildup
c. Dilation of the afferent arteriole
d. Dilation of glomerular capillaries and
constriction of the efferent arteriole
BACK TO GAME