Transcript SOLAR RADIATION IN PAKISTAN - Pakistan Engineering Council

Solar Thermal Power Plants
By
Dr. Irshad Ahmed
Department of Mechatronics,
Air University, E-9, Islamabad
Basic Needs of Man
1.
2.
3.
4.
Food
Fiber
Fabric
Fuel
Environment
Current source of continuous
Energy flow
Finite source
of energy
Device
Device
Use
Use
Environment
Sink
Renewable energy
Environment
Finite energy
Sink
able 1.1 Comparison of renewable and conventional energy system.
Renewable energy supplies
Conventional supplies
Examples
Wind , Solar, biomass, tidal
Coal, oil, gas
Source
Natural local environment
Concentrated stock
Normal state
A current of energy. An income
Static source of energy. Capital
Initial intensity
Low intensity. dispersed: ~300 W/m2
Released at ~100 kW/m2 and
Lifetime of supply
Or less
More
Cost of source
Infinite
Finite
Cost of equipment
Free
Increasingly expensive.>$0.1
Variation and control
High, commonly $2000
Per KWh
per KW capacity
Moderate, commonly $500 per
Fluctuating: best controlled by change of load using
Capacity
Site and society specific
Steady, best controlled by adjusting source with
feedback control
General and international use
Location for use
Scale
Small scale economic, Large scale may present difficulties
Skills
Pollution and environment damage
Esthetics
Interdisciplinary and varied. Wide range of skills,
Importance of bioscience and agriculture
Usually little environmental harm
Local perturbations may be serious but usually acceptable
Increased scale often improves supply costs, large
scale frequently favored
Strong links with electrical and mechanical
engineering. Narrow range of skills
Environment pollution common especially of air
and water
Small structure may produce little Esthetics
difficulty.
Infrared radiation to space
Reflected to space
80,000 Sensible
30
Heating
Solar radiation
50000
120000
40,000 Latent Heat
Solar
Radiation
Absorbed
300
Potential
Energy
Hydropower
Kinetic
Energy
Wind and wave
conversion
30
Photosynt
hesis
From
Geotherm
al
30
Heat
Planetary
motion
Gravitation
al Orbital
motion
Geothermal
installations
Earth
From
Biofuels
3
Tides
Tidal power
Status of GHG Emissions
ELECTRICITY INSTALLED
CAPACITY IN PAKISTAN
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND
DEMAND IN PAKISTAN
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND
DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN’S POWER DEMAND
AND SUPPLY
SOLAR RADIATION IN
PAKISTAN
SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES
SOLAR CELL, MODULE, ARRAY
PN JUNCTION OF A SOLAR CELL
SOLAR CELL FUNCTION
I-V CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF
A SOLAR CELL
SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES
COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM
DIFFERENT SOURCES
PV TECHNOLOGY
PERFORMANCE
SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMP
PV PUMP WITH SPRINKLER
IRRIGATION
GRID CONNECTED PV POWER
LARGE PV SOLAR POWER
PLANTS
a
Name of PV
power plant
Olmedilla
Photovoltaic Park
Country
Spain
Strasskirchen Solar
Germany
Park
Lieberose
Photovoltaic Park
Germany
Nominal
GW·h Capacity
Power
/year
factor
(MWp)
55
[38]
[36]
0.16
Siliken crystalline silicon
modules. Completed
September 2008
53[40]
0.11
700'000 First Solar CdTe
modules, opened 2009[41]
85
54
53
[39][40]
Puertollano
Photovoltaic Park
Spain
Moura photovoltaic
Portugal
power station[42]
Kothen Solar Park Germany
Finsterwalde Solar
Germany
Park
Waldpolenz Solar
Park[43][44]
Germany
Notes
231'653 crystalline silicon
modules, Suntech and
Solaria, opened 2008
47.6
46
93[42]
0.23
Completed December 2008
45
2009
41
2009
40
40
[44]
0.11
550,000 First Solar thinfilm CdTe modules.
Completed December 2008