Transcript WWII

WWII
NEUTRALITY
WARM UP
What was historic about the Spanish Civil War?
A = planes were used to drop bombs on cities for the 1st time in
history.
How did the US govt. respond to the Spanish Civil War?
A = the govt. did nothing for fear of being pulled into another
war but about 3,000 US citizens formed the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade and went to fight for the Republicans on their own.
What was the European diplomatic conference in 1938 where
Britain and France conceded to Hitler’s demands for part of
Czechoslovakia so as to avoid war?
A = Munich Conference.
MORE WARM UP
What was the term used for giving into Hitler to avoid war?
A = appeasement
What is the name of this painting?
A = Your mom
AMERICAN ANTI-WAR
SENTIMENT
Many Americans felt that the United States’
involvement in WWI had been a mistake.
Nye Commission –Blamed bankers & arms
manufacturers for America’s entry into the war.
Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts
that were designed to keep America from being
pulled into another European war.
THE 1ST NEUTRALITY ACTS
Laws (1935-1937) that prohibited:
• A. The sale of weapons to nations at war.
• B. US citizens from sailing on ships belonging to warring nations.
• C. Loaning $ to nations at war.
The 1st set of neutrality Acts did allow for non-military goods to be
sold to belligerents on a cash and carry basis.
INTERVENTIONISM
VS. ISOLATIONISM
As Hitler began to take over more and more of Europe,
many Americans began to think that the US should not
be neutral and should supply England & France. They
feel it is the moral duty of the US to help and to
preserve democracy from aggressive dictators.
These people are called Interventionists.
Still, others think that Europe has nothing to do with
the US and want to remain neutral (Isolationists).
The Isolationists form the America First Committee.
CARTOONS
THINKING
What are some reasons for the U.S. to remain neutral (not get
involved) in WWII?
What are some reasons for getting involved?
READ HANDOUT
What are some reasons that Lindbergh is against getting
involved in the war?
What are some arguments that the New York Times puts forth
against isolationism?
WARM UP
What was the name of the government commission that said
that the reason that the US had entered WWI was because of
the influence of bankers and arms manufactures?
A = Nye Commission
What actions did the US government take during the 1930s to
try to avoid having the US being pulled into another
European war?
A = passed the Neutrality Acts.
Once the war broke out, who were the people that thought
that we should try to help the Allies?
A = interventionists
Who were the people who felt that the war was none of our
business?
A = isolationists
What was the name of the organization formed by the
isolationists?
A = America First
WARM UP
What was historic about the Spanish Civil War?
A = planes were used to drop bombs on cities for the 1st time in
history.
How did the US govt. respond to the Spanish Civil War?
A = the govt. did nothing for fear of being pulled into another
war but about 3,000 US citizens formed the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade and went to fight for the Republicans on their own.
What was the European diplomatic conference in 1938 where
Britain and France conceded to Hitler’s demands for part of
Czechoslovakia so as to avoid war?
A = Munich Conference.
MORE WARM UP
What was the term used for giving into Hitler to avoid war?
A = appeasement
What is the name of this painting?
A = Guernica
THE NEUTRALITY ACT
OF 1939
After the Nazi invasion of Poland.
US amends Neutrality Acts to allow for the Cash-and-Carry
sale of arms.
This was to help the Allies (England & France).
FDR’S QUARANTINE
SPEECH
Delivered in the heartland of isolationism—Chicago.
In response to Japanese aggression in China (and Hitler’s in
Europe).
Called on democracies to embargo aggressors.
AMERICA BEGINS TO
MILITARIZE
FDR felt that it was important to begin to build
up the US military just in case.
In 1939, FDR created the War Resources Board
to plan for mobilization.
In 1940, the US began spending 1.5 billion permonth on military production (planes, tanks,
etc.).
The US has its 1st peace-time draft (men 21-35).
DESTROYERS FOR
BASES
FDR trades 50 old destroyers to
England in exchange for 99-year
leases for air/naval bases in Brit.
Territories—Newfoundland,
Bermuda, and the Caribbean.
FDR RUNS AGAIN
Because of the twin threats of the Depression and War, FDR
decides to run for an unprecedented 3rd term.
He defeats the Republican nominee Wendell Willkie.
THE WAR IN EUROPE
In 1940, The Germans conquered:
Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands,
Belgium, & Luxembourg.
This left just France and England.
The French had a huge bunker and trench
system on their border with Germany—
The Maginot Line.
The Germans simply came through
Belgium and attacked the French from
behind.
England had soldiers in France to try and help, but the Germans
drove them from the continent with the evacuation at Dunkirk.
The French surrendered on June 14, 1940.
This left just England alone to fight the Germans!
VICHY FRANCE
A puppet government is set –up in France.
They Collaborate with the Nazis.
They are called the Vichy Govt.
They are led by Marshall Petain.
THE BATTLE OF
BRITAIN
After Hitler takes over France, he begins to
use it as a base to Bomb England.
The English air force (the RAF) is so good
though, that Germany begins only to bomb
at night.
The English refer to this bombing as “The
Blitz.”
Many people send their children to the
country-side for safety.
PICS. OF BATTLE OF
BRITAIN
LEND-LEASE
After FDR won reelection, he told Americans, “We must
become the arsenal for democracy.”
FDR proposes Lend-Lease.
Lend-Lease is a program in which the US can sell, lend,
or lease military supplies to any nation deemed “vital to
the defense of the US.”
FDR says its like “lending a hose to a neighbor whose
house is on fire. When its over, they give it back.”
FDR does this because he wants to help England since
they are the only country left fighting against Hitler.
LEND-LEASE BRINGS
US CLOSER TO WAR.
Because of German sub “Wolf Packs,” FDR begins to send
armed US ships to escort supplies across the Atlantic.
How could this draw the US into the war?
Eventually, the Germans attack a few US ships.
THE ATLANTIC
CHARTER
In August 1941, FDR met with British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill on a ship off of the coast of
Newfoundland.
They discussed war strategy and plans for the post-war
world.
They issued their ideas in the Atlantic Charter.
It called for self-determination, FDR’s 4-freedoms, and
international organization to ensure the 4-freedoms—
the United Nations.
4 FREEDOMS
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom from Fear
Freedom from Want
WRITING
Write a paragraph in which you explain how and why the US
went from strict neutrality to basically giving weapons to
England.