Effective Use of Teaching Aids
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Transcript Effective Use of Teaching Aids
Effective Use of
Teaching Aids
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http://www.dcu.ie
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Why use teaching aids?
Teaching aids are useful to:
reinforce what you are saying,
ensure that your point is understood,
signal what is important/essential,
enable students to visualise or experience something
that is impractical to see or do in real life,
engage students’ other senses in the learning process,
facilitate different learning styles.
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We Learn and Retain:
10% of what we READ
20% of what we HEAR
30% of what we SEE
50% of what we HEAR and SEE
Higher levels of retention can be achieved
through active involvement in learning.
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WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
Advantages
Disadvantages
No advanced preparation
required,
except when displaying a
complex table/chart/ diagram.
Technology is not dependent
on electricity or other possible
glitches.
Can be used by students for
problem-solving, etc.
Time-consuming if you have a
lot to write.
Handwriting may be difficult to
read (legibility, size, glare,
etc.).
Turn your back on audience.
Cleaning the board (chalk
dust, permanent marker, etc.)
Can’t go back to something
you’ve erased.
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WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
TIPS
Get to the lecture hall early to make sure that the board
has been cleaned.
Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser.
If you have problems with keeping your writing level,
draw horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and
metre stick.
Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance and
cover with a piece of newsprint until needed.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Advantages
Disadvantages
Allows you to prepare all your
slides in advance.
Particularly suited for complex
diagrams, charts and
illustrations.
Can build up information
point-by-point through the use
of overlays.
Don’t have to turn your back
on the audience.
A blown bulb or power failure
can spoil all your hard work.
Image quality can also be a
problem.
Can be disorienting to
manipulate transparencies on
projector plate.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Preparing Transparencies
By hand, or
Computer application (eg. MS PowerPoint, MS Word,
HTML documents)
Printing - colour or B/W
Printer (laser or inkjet), or
Photocopier
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Selecting Text
Avoid overcrowding
Avoid continuous prose
Bullet or numbered points preferred
KILLS
Keep It Legible, Lean and Simple
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Keep words to a minimum:
Please observe the rules
prohibiting the
combustion of vegetable
material and the
exhalation of noxious
fumes in this auditorium.
NO SMOKING
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
1st Qtr.
2ndavoided:
Qtr. 3rd Qtr.
Tables are
best
East
West
North
20.4
30.6
45.9
27.4
38.6
46.8
90.0
34.7
45.0
4th Qtr.
20.4
31.5
43.9
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Use Charts/Graphs instead:
200
150
North
100
West
50
East
0
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Choosing a Font
Examples:
Size - minimum 20pt
(5mm high)
14 pt Tahoma
20 pt Tahoma
28 pt Tahoma
36 pt Tahoma
Sans serif fonts preferred
Times New Roman
Arial
Comic Sans
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Style Notes for Transparencies
Allow a margin of 5 cm (2”) all round.
Avoid TOO MUCH UPPERCASE TEXT
For emphasis, use bold or underlining instead of italics
Keep titles systematic and consistent
Justification - left or centred
Avoid light text on dark background.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Beforehand
During the Lecture
Get to the room early to
make sure the OHP is
working.
Check the aim and focus.
Walk to the back of the
room to see whether the
smallest print is readable.
Relax (if possible).
Keep used and unused
slides in separate piles.
Cover the slide with a
piece of cardboard and
slide it down to reveal
text as you go.
Use a pen on the OHP
glass rather than pointing
to the screen.
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DATA PROJECTOR (portable)
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Other Media
FLIPCHART
When to USE:
TIPS
if electricity is
unavailable,
to enable students
to illustrate group
reports,
to provide a
written record of
points made by
students.
Check the room and
equipment beforehand.
Get your own pad of
newsprint.
Write out important pages in
advance.
Don’t put too much on a page.
Carry a collection of felt-tip
pens and check that they
haven’t dried out.
Bring along some Blutack.
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Other Media
AUDIO TAPES or CDs
When to USE:
TIPS
Particularly suited for language
learning, media studies,
English literature, etc.
Valuable when referring to
recorded historical events (e.g.
Martin Luther King’s “I have a
dream” speech).
Background music can also be
played before class starts and
during group activities.
Check the room and
equipment beforehand.
Can it be heard from the back
of the room?
Find the right spot on the
tape/CD and queue it up in
advance.
Don’t play more than a few
minutes of audio at one time.
Break up longer clips into
segments, interspersed with
discussion or other activities.
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Other Media
VIDEO TAPES or DVDs
When to USE:
TIPS
Adds a dimension not available
through audio alone - helps
students to visualise.
Essential when illustrating
things that are impractical to
do in real life.
Particularly suited for language
learning, media studies,
engineering, etc.
Valuable when referring to
recorded historical events.
Same as for CDs/audio tapes
Check equipment beforehand.
Can images be seen from the
back of the room?
Queue up the tape in advance.
Break viewing into short
segments, interspersed with
discussion or activities.
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