Transcript Žymiausios mūsų krašto vietoves

The most famous villages of our
region
The contents
• 1. Marcinkonys
• 2. Senoji Varėna
• 3. Perloja
Marcinkonys
About the village
• Marcinkonys is a village in Varėna district, Lithuania,
located to the south-east of Merkinė. It is the
administrative center of the Dzūkija National Park and
Čepkeliai Marsh. According to the 2001 census, it had
765 residents.[1] The settlement has been known since
1637, when it was a camp of foresters. It began
growing after completion of the train station for the
Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway in 1864. During the
Holocaust, the village had the Marcinkonys Ghetto for
the Lithuanian Jews. Some Jews escaped during the
liquidation of the ghetto and managed to survive the
war.
Geography
• The village is surrounded by large forests. It is
one of the sources for people’s business.
Hollow pine trees are natural monuments. The
village has got the rail contacts with Grodno,
Vilnius and Varena and road links with
Druskininkai, Merkine and Varena. Also
Marcinkonys has got a railway station. The
countryside area is mostly mainland dunes
with Girinio health path (3.6 km) along it.
Marcinkonys railway
station
History of the
village
• In 1637 it was mentioned as a scouts’ settlement
in the forest. The first church as the philia of
Merkinė was built in 1770. The village began to
grow in the nineteenth century. In the second
half of the XIX century a railway station was built.
As there was not much of arable, local people
were engaged in forestry work, crafts. Since the
end of the XIX century they started picking
mushrooms and cranberries. People used to
transport different goods to St. Petersburg and
Warsaw by trains.
The Church of St. Simon and Jude
There are also established
• 1. The ethnographic museum established in
1994 m.
• 2. The Čepkeliai State Reserve Museum of
Nature established in 1996 m.
• 3. The Cemetery of victims of hitlerism.
• 4. The Cemetery of Lithuanian partisans.
Marcinkonys ethnographic museum
Exhibits of Marcinkonys
ethnographic museum
The marsh of
Cepkeliai
The Old Varėna
About the village
Old Varena is the village in Varena’s district,
near the confluence of the Merkys and
Varena, 4 miles to the north of Varena on the
road A4 (Vilnius-Druskininkai). There is a
modern St. Michael’s the Archangel’s Church
(built in 1994) in the village. Also there is A.
Ryliškis Secondary School, a kindergarten
“Nykstukas", a library, a post office (EN65075). On the high slope of the coast where
the Varene river flows into the Merkys river
near the road to Varena, there is a park of
wooden sculptures.
The origin of the
name
The origin of the settlement’s name comes from the
river Varene ( previously known as the Varena) which
flows through the town. Concerning false overwrites in
the Polish language the name remained without the
first letter (Orany).
The legend tells that the name is derived from name
of the goddess Varene, who used to patronize hunters
and fishermen near the river.
The others derive the name of Varena from the word
“varyti“( in Lithuanian), which means to drive wild
beasts during the hunting. This option is the most likely
as it describes best the actual living conditions of that
time.
St. Archangel’s Michael’s Church
• In 1990 the architects Brunonas Bakaitis and
Gediminas Baravykas made the old church’s
project in Old Varena. They used various forms
and shapes which are close to Čiurlionis art.
The church was built and consecrated in 1994.
History of Old Varena
• The first time Varena was mentioned in historical
sources in 1413 , the 13th January. The Master of
the Order in his letter states that he started "a
new hunting estate, known as Varena, along the
river Merkys”. Later there was built a mansion,
which belonged to Grand Treasurer M.
Bžostovskis. This new settlement was first
mentioned in 1486. In the sixteenth century it
was mentioned as a royal mansion of Varena. The
town started vanishing in the XVII century and in
the middle of the XVIII century when wars
started. At the end of the XVIII century there was
a parish school.
The most
famous people
A famous composer and painter M. K.
Čiurlionis (1875-1911) was born in Old Varena.
Now there is just a stone indicating the place
of the house where he used to live . An oak
roofed poles "alley" built on both sides of the
road, known as Čiurlionis Way, stretches from
this place until Druskininkai city.
M. K. Čiurlionis
Perloja
About the village
Perloja is a village in Varėna’s district, Lithuania. It is situated
19 km (12 mi) to the west from Varėna on the banks of the
Merkys River and on the Vilnius–Druskininkai road. The village
is known for the so-called Republic of Perloja, an independent
micronational republic was established in the aftermath of
World War I and existed until 1923. According to the 2001
census, it had 774 inhabitants.
The origin of the name
Perloja origin of the name is uncertain. Unlikely one of the versions the
name Perloja is derived from the word “pearl”,however, those areas are
not mentioned in any related activity to the pearls. The legend tells that
this place previously was a township, and Duke Perlius lived there. Near
the town he built a church. One Sunday a lot of people gathered in the
church. Suddenly during the Mass, the land parted and the church
submerged. Later a lake appeared in that place. People called it Paperloju
and a nearby town was called Perloja. Old people say that on Sundays
there are often heard bell beats emanating from the lake, and the church’s
relics are sometimes washed on the lake shore ...
The Virgin Mary’s and St. Francis of Assisi Church
History of the
village
• Archaeological research dates human presence in the area to the
Neolithic era. Perloja village was first mentioned in writing in 1378.
Situated on the important Vilnius–Hrodna road, the village had a
royal estate for accommodation of travelling Grand Dukes and other
Lithuanian nobles. After Christianization of Lithuania, the village
was one of the first places to construct a Catholic church funded by
Vytautas the Great. In 1710, during the Great Northern War, the
plague wiped out almost all inhabitants of Perloja. However, the
settlement recovered and was granted the Magdeburg rights and
coat of arms in 1792. The arms depicted a bull with Latin cross on
its head. Possibly the image was borrowed from Kaunas. The arms
and the rights were soon abolished as the village was absorbed into
the Russian Empire following the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth. The historic coat of arms was restored in 1993.
At present the main square is dominated by the monument for Vytautas
the Great built in 1930
Inscription under monument
The monument to commemorate partisans who died for freedom.
Be proud of own homeland!
Prepared by
• Student of II B form Nikolajus Sakovič
Origins
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http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perloja
http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcinkonys
http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senoji_Varėna
http://www.lsa.lt/varena/apie_perloja.htm
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