Transcript Botswana Birds - ASA Africa Study Abroad

Ami Flowers
Luis Candelario
2014
International Issues in Conservation
 Approximately 9600 bird
species in the world
 Believed to have reptilian
origin (150 mya)
 Jurassic period
 Archaeopteryx lithographica
 “Ancient wing inscribed in
stone”
 Largest– Ostrich at 317lbs
 Smallest – Scintillant
Hummingbird at 2.25 g
6-9 ft
6.5 cm
 FEATHERS!
 Skeletal System
 Bones hollow or thin
 Bones fused
 Skin Glands (lack of)
 Uropygial gland at base of
tail
 Waterproof feathers
 Excretory System
 Lack urinary bladder
 Uric acid – highly
concentrated
 Reproductive System
 One working ovary (left)
 Gonads enlarge during
breeding season
 Oviparous
 Digestive System
 Eat high calorie foods
 Quick digestion (1 hr)
 Nervous System
 Well-developed brain
 Excellent eye sight
 Anosmic – reduced or no
sense of smell
 Contour Feather
 Semiplumes
 Form outline of the body
 Plumaceous – loose-vaned
 Remiges – flight feathers
 Lack hamuli (hooks)
 Retrices – tail feathers
 Under contour feathers
 Aid in insulation and
buoyancy
 Filoplumes
 Hair-like
 Small vane at
tip or no vane
 Aid in sensing
 Down
 Bristles
 Soft feathers lacking vanes
 Vaneless
 Short rachus
 Found around eyes,
 Beneath contour feathers
mouth, nostrils
 For sensory and air
filtration
 Aid in insulation
 Anisodactyl
 Syndactyl
 Hallux is behind and the
 Third and fourth toes
other three toes are in
front
 Passerines
fused
 Kingfishers
 Zygodactyl
 Toes arranged in pairs
 Two up front, two in the
back
 Woodpeckers
 Pamprodactyl
 All four toes are forward
 Hummingbirds
and Swifts
 Palmate
 Totipalmate
 Front three toes are
 All four toes are webbed
webbed
 Ducks and gulls
 Comorants
 Semipalmate
 Lobate
 Anterior of toes half-
 Toes are lobed
webbed
 Plovers
 Grebes
 Songs
 Local vocal displays with
specific repeated
patterns
 Species specific
 Mainly by males
 Functions to identify:
 Calls
 Short, simple




vocalizations
Often a single note
Intra/interspecific
Both males and females
Variety of functions:
 Species
 Warning
 Sex
 Feeding
 Territory
 Nest
 Vigor (mating)
 Flocking
In Botswana and South Africa

Order Pelicaniformes

Family Ardeidae
 Grey Heron
 Family Ciconiidae
 Saddle-billed Stork
 Family Threskiornithidae
 Hadeda Ibis
 Family Scopidae
 Hammerkop
 Family Charadriidae
 Blacksmith Lapwing
 White-crowned Lapwing
 Three-banded Plover
 Order Anseriformes
 Family Anatidae
 Egyptian Geese
 Order Apodiformes
 Family Apodidae
 African Palm-swift
 Family Accipitridae
 Bateleur
 African Fish Eagle
 Family Accipitridae
 Martial Eagle
 Tawny Eagle
 Verreaux’s Eagle
 Family Accipitridae
 Lappett-faced Vulture
 White-backed Vulture
 Family Accipitridae
 White-headed Vulture
 Cape Vulture
Lappet-faced Vulture
White-backed Vulture
White-headed
Vulture
Cape Vulture
 Family Strigidae
 Verreaux’s Eagle-owl
 Spotted Eagle-owl
 Pel’s Fishing Owl
 Pearl Spotted Owlet
 Family Phasianidae
 Crested Francolin
 Natal Francolin
 Swainson’s Spurfowl
 Family Numididae
 Helmeted Guineafowl
 Crested Guineafowl
 Order Caprimulgiformes
 Family Caprimulgidae
 Fiery-necked Nightjar
 Order Pteroclidiformes
 Family Pteroclidae
 Double-breasted Sandgrouse
 Family Columbidae
 African Green Pigeon
 Emerald-spotted
Wood-Dove
 Namaqua Dove
 Family Columbidae
 Cape Turtle Dove
 Red-eyed Dove
 Laughing Dove
 Family Psittacidae
 Brown-headed Parrot
 Grey-headed Parrot
 Meyer’s Parrot
 Family Musophagidae
 Grey Go-away-bird
 Family Coliidae
 Speckled Mousebird
 Red-faced Mousebird
 Family Alcedinidae
 Giant Kingfisher
 Pied Kingfisher
 Striped Kingfisher
 Family Meropidae
 White-fronted Bee-eater
 Little Bee-eater
 Family Coraciidae
 Lilac-breasted Roller
 Racket-tailed Roller
 Family Upupidae
 Family Phoeniculidae
 African Hoopoe
 Green Wood-hoopoe
 Family Bucerotidae
 Red-billed Hornbill
 Southern Yellow-billed
Hornbill
 Family Picidae
 Golden-tailed Woodpecker
 Cardinal Woodpecker
 Bearded Woodpecker
 Family Lybidaee
 Black-collared Barbet
 Crested Barbet
 Family Buphagidae
 Yellow-billed Oxpecker
 Red-billed Oxpecker
 Family Cisticolidae
 Rattling Cisticola
 Red-faced Cisticola
 Grey-backed
Camaroptera
 Yellow-breasted Apalis
 Tawny-flanked Prinia
 Family Dicruridae
 Fork-tailed Drongo
 Family Muscicapidae
 Southern Black
Flycatcher
 Family Emberizidae
 Family Fringillidae
 Cinnamon-breasted
 Lemon-breasted Canary
Bunting
 Golden-breasted
Bunting
 Yellow-fronted Canary
 Family Estrilididae
 Family Sylviide
 Blue Waxbill
 Burnt-necked Eremomela
 Green-winged Pytilia
 Green-capped Eremomela
 Family Malaconotidae
 Tropical BouBou
 Brubru
 Black-backed Puffback
 Orange-breasted Bush-
shrike
 Family Motacillidae
 African Pied Wagtail
 Family Platysteirnidae
 Chinspot Batis
 Family Muscicapidae
 African Stone Chat
 Bearded Scrub-robin
 White-browed Scrub-robin
 White-throated Robin-chat
 White-browed Robin-chat
 Family Turdidae
 Kurrichane Thrush
 Family Nectariniidae
 White-bellied Sunbird
 Marico Sunbird
 Family Oriolidae
 Black-headed Oriole
 Family Pyconotidae
 Dark-capped Bulbul
 Family Ploceidae
 Red-billed Quelea
 Red-billed Buffalo Weaver
 Family Prionopidae
 White-crested Helmet Shrike
 Southern White-crowned Shrike
 Family Timaliidae
 Arrow-marked Babbler
 Family Sturnidae
 Meve’s Starling