Wood Identification Powerpoint
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Transcript Wood Identification Powerpoint
Wood Identification
Manufacturing II
Grain
• The mass of the wood’s cell structure.
• Determined by the growth of a tree.
• Straight, Cross, Spiral, Curly
Sawing
• With the grain (length)
• Across the grain (width)
Figure
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Describes the appearance of the wood
Density of the annual growth rings
Size and shape of the rings
Distribution of color
Effect of disease or physical damage
http://www.wurrkshopwoods.com/types-of-wood.htm
Texture
• Relative size of the woods cells
• Fine texture woods have small closely
spaced cells
• Course textured woods have large cells
• Affects the cutting process
• Appearance after staining and finish
Hardwoods
Deciduous
Broad leaved trees
Loss of leaves in the
winter
More durable than
softwoods
Wider choice of color,
texture, and figure
More expensive than
softwoods
Walnut
Hardwood
Tough wood
Coarse texture
Usually straight grain
Rich dark brown to purplish black color
Good workability
Good finishing
Furniture, gunstocks, instruments
Cherry
• Hardwood
• Hard
• Straight grained
• Fine texture
• Heartwood is reddish brown to deep red
• Good workability
• Good finishing
• Furniture, instruments, flooring
Poplar
• Hardwood
• Soft and light weight
• Straight grain
• Fine texture
• White sapwood, pale olive green to brown
heartwood
• Good workability
• Good finishing
• Furniture, toys
Mahogany
Hardwood
Medium textured
Straight even grain
Heartwood is reddish brown to deep red
blonde highlights
Good workability
Good finishing
Interior paneling, carving, furniture
Maple
• Hardwood
• Hard, heavy
• Straight grain
• Fine texture
• White sapwood with reddish brown
heartwood
• Difficult workability
• Fair finishing
• Furniture, instruments, butcher blocks
Balsa
• Softest and lightest commercial hardwood
• Open straight grain
• Very pale beige to pinkish color
• Good workability
• Fair finishing
• Models, packaging
White Oak
• Hardwood
• Straight grained
• Course texture
• Brown in color
• Good workability
• Good finishing
• Furniture, flooring
Red Oak
• Hardwood
• Straight grained
• Course texture
• Pinkish Red in color
• Good workability
• Good finishing
• Furniture, flooring
Chestnut
• Course textured with wide growth rings.
• Similar to oak in appearance
• Because of blight most lumber comes from
standing dead wood trees.
• Insect attack causes “wormy chestnut”
• Furniture, coffins, poles, stakes
• Good finishing
Birch
• Hardwood
• Fine grain
• Pale tan with light brown growth rings
• Good workability, Good finishing
• Dowels, knobs, turning projects
Purpleheart
• Hardwood
• Uniform fine to medium texture
• Usually straight grained
• Attractive purple color
• Medium workability
• Good finishing
• Construction work, boats, furniture
Softwoods
• Coniferous Trees
• Cone bearing trees
• Evergreen
• Narrow, needle
shaped leaves
• Light color range,
pale yellow to
reddish brown
White Pine
• Softwood
• Straight grain
• Fine even textured
• Inconspicuous growth rings
• Pale yellow to pale brown color
• Good workability
• Good finishing
• Furniture, plywood
Cedar
• Softwood
• Fine textured
• Visible growth rings
• Pale yellow to dark brown color
• Good workability
• Good finishing
• Paneling, closets, hope chests
Composite
• Laminated material
made from thin sheets of
wood
• Bonded in layers to form
a thick stable board
• Deteriorate when wet
• Good workability
• Fair finishing
• Sub flooring, furniture
Plywood
• Hardwood, Softwood
• Laminated layers of wood and glue
pressed together to make a firm stable
board
• Warps when wet
• Used for subflooring, furniture, roofing
• Can be pressure treated
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
• Hardwood or Softwood
• Strands of wood in layers laminated with
layers of glue and then pressed together.
• Warps when wet
• Used in construction subflooring, roofing,
siding.
• Used as a filler with veneer and Formica.
Medium Density Fiber Board (MDF)
• Hardwood or Softwood
• Particles or saw dust fibers mixed with
glue and pressed together.
• Disintegrates when wet
• Used in construction, sub woofer boxes,
table tops
Formica
• OSB board coated in a Plastic sheet
• Used in commercial and residential
construction
• Tabletops, Countertops, bathroom vanities
• Is water proof on the top and sides cannot
get wet on the bottom
Veneer
• Thin layer of wood used to cover
types of composite wood.
• Used for desktops, bookshelves,
cheaper made furniture.
• Pliable when wet with glue.
• Special technique to apply.