Transcript Chapter 16 Section 4 The Strain of War PowerPoint
Chapter 16 The Civil War (1861-1865)
Section 4 The Strain of War
Which do you feel is the most important quality in a good leader?
A.
Enthusiasm
B.
Confidence
C.
Courage
D.
Decisiveness
A 0%
A. A B. B C. C
0% 0% B
D. D
0% D
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How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?
Battle of Fredericksburg
• After Antietam, Lee retreated to Virginia • General Burnside, marched his troops toward the Confederate capital at Richmond • Lee intercepted the troops at Fredericksburg • Lee moved to a hill and then had trenches built so they could fire down on the enemy • The army would be protected • December 13, 1862- Lee’s entrenched forces easily drove back the Union troops • Burnside resigned and was replaced by General Joseph Hooker
After Fredericksburg
• May 1863- Lee split his men in response to Hooker doing the same thing • Even though Hooker had twice as many men • Some Confederate troops stayed to defend Fredericksburg, and some confronted the main Union forces at Chancellorsville • A third group, under Stonewall Jackson, caught the Union by surprise • Stonewall Jackson marched around the side of Hooker’s position
Battle of Chancellorsville
• Suddenly, Jackson’s army attacked the Union forces at the rear • At the same time, Lee struck from the front • The Union was sandwiched between the two Confederate forces • Hooker withdrew his men • One of the Confederate companies fired on Stonewall Jackson’s company by mistake • Jackson was wounded in the left arm • Jackson’s arm had to be amputated, and he died a week later
Weak Union Generals
• The Union had 3 different Generals in less than a year • McClellan was reluctant to engage the enemy • Lincoln said “If McClellan doesn’t want to use the army, I’d like to borrow it for a while” • McClellan didn’t follow the retreating Confederate troops (Antietam) into Virginia • After McClellan was Burnside (Loss at Fredericksburg) • Then Lincoln appointed Joseph Hooker (Loss at Chancellorsville) • Hooker resigned within 2 months • Major General George Meade took command
African Americans in the War
• At first, neither side allowed African Americans to fight • The North soon relaxed its rules • African Americans made up 30% of the South’s population • Confederate leaders feared African Americans would attack their fellow troops • Or begin a revolt
soldiers, so Lincoln
In the North
• The North needed more allowed African Americans to serve • Congress allowed the formation of all-African American regiments • Southern troops hated the African American troops and focused their fiercest gunfire on African American regiments • By the end of the war, they comprised about 10% of the Union army • These men fought hard and effectively
The
54
th
Massachusetts
• Best known African American regiment • 1863- Took part in the siege of Fort Wagner in South Carolina • On the front lines • Had nearly 300 casualties in this regiment alone •
Nevertheless
the fort • The 54 th its members , the soldiers bravely fought on • The Union could not capture became famous for the courage and sacrifice of
Going to the North
• Spring 1863- The South had the upper hand • Union loss at Chancellorsville ruined their plan for taking Richmond • Robert E. Lee decided to take the war to the North to impress Britain and France • The South recalled the Revolutionary War- Getting help from the French • France and Britain missed the goods the South provided (Mainly cotton) • If the South could win here, these nations might help
Gettysburg,
Battle of Gettysburg
• Confederates entered Pennsylvania looking for supplies • General Lee hoped to avoid fighting in an unfamiliar area • But the two sides
encountered
one another • After 4 days of fighting, the Confederates had 25,000 casualties and the Union had 23,000 • The battle started at 5:30 A.M. on July 1
Battle of Gettysburg Continued
• The Union troops were outnumbered and retreated to Cemetery Ridge • Reinforcements for both sides arrived • On the second day of fighting, Southern generals tried to remove Union forces from hills called Round Top and Little Round Top • Union Troops under General Meade held their positions • That night Meade made the decision not to retreat • The next day Lee order an attack designed to “create a panic and virtually destroy the [Union] army”
Results of Gettysburg
• The Confederates started by firing nearly 140 cannons at Union lines • The under General George Pickett, 1000s of Confederates attacked the Union’s center position • They advanced across open land • At first, it seemed
Pickett’s Charge
Confederates broke the Union’s first line might work- the • In the end 75% of those that charged were dead or wounded • Gettysburg put an end to hopes that Britain and France would help
The Vicksburg Siege
• July 4 th , 1863- Lee retreated from Gettysburg • Also on the same day the important river city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, fell to the Union under Grant • In May, Grant began the siege with 30,000 • Blockading it to prevent food and supplies from entering • Then the Union gunships on the river supported Grants 77,000 troops by firing 1000s of mortar shells into the city
Battle of Vicksburg
• 47 days- Both sides had many casualties • 9,000 Confederate/10,000 Union deaths • Fewer than 20 civilians were killed in the siege • A few days later, the South lost Port Hudson in Louisiana- The last stronghold on the Mississippi • The Anaconda Plan had worked • Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas were now cut off • July 1863 was a major turning point
Lincoln’s
Gettysburg Address
• November 19, 1863 Soldiers’ National Cemetery was dedicated at Gettysburg • Former Mass. Governor Edward Everett delivered a two-hour speech • Then it was Lincoln’s turn • Lincoln spoke for about 2 minute (272 words) • Lincoln was able to honor the soldiers and the cause, as well as state his vision for the country • “These dead shall not have died in vain” • Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”
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How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?
-Defeat at Gettysburg ended the Confederates hopes for invading the North -Victory at Vicksburg allowed the Union to divide the Southern states and control the Mississippi
Chapter 16 Section 4 Quiz
General Stonewall Jackson was killed at Chancellorsville by a fall from his horse.
A. True B. False
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Lincoln replaced McClellan with General Ambrose Burnside.
A. True
50% 50%
B. False
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The Union army was comprised of mostly African American soldiers.
A. True B. False
50% 50% T ru e F al se
The Gettysburg Address was given at a ceremony to dedicate a cemetery.
A. True B. False
50% 50% T ru e F al se
The 54th Massachusetts was an all female regiment.
A. True
50% 50%
B. False
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Which of the following did
not
lead the Union forces?
A. George McClellan
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. Ambrose Burnside C. Joseph Hooker D. Robert E. Lee
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General Lee hoped that a win in the North might impress
A. France and Spain.
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B. Spain and Britain.
C. Britain and France.
D. Spain and Germany.
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ta in a nd F ra S nc pa e.
in a nd G er m an y.
General Grant led a 47-day siege against
A. Port Hudson, Louisiana
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B. Vicksburg, Mississippi C. Atlanta, Georgia D. Mobile, Alabama
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By the end of the war, African American volunteers made up nearly what percentage of the Union army?
A. 20 percent
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. 10 percent C. 100 percent D. 50 percent
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President Lincoln’s address at what battlefield helped war-weary Americans focus on their shared ideals?
A. Vicksburg
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B. Chancellorsville C. Shiloh D. Gettysburg
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Participant Scores
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