Cartography for Kids - Földügyi és Térinformatikai Tudásközpont

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Transcript Cartography for Kids - Földügyi és Térinformatikai Tudásközpont

Hungary, 2012

Introduction to Cartography

Nazrulo Toirbekov Assistant lecturer TSPU, [email protected]

A ‘warming up’ exercise

• How do you tell people directions to somewhere?

– -Have you ever used the terms ‘north’, ‘south’, ‘east’ or ‘west’ to describe directions?

– -Do you use reference locations? For example, It is two blocks from the E-5? Or, It will be right in front of you when you get off the bus. It is right on the bank of Duna or ....

– -Describe to someone how you would get to University of West Hungary from the Airport or from train station • Have you ever drawn a map to illustrate to someone how to get somewhere? • Everyone is an amateur cartographer .

• However, this class will help you to start learning in details

Objectives

 Students will be able to express their knowledge about maps  Students will understand the importance of maps  Students will apply the use of new vocabulary in order to read a map  Students will analyze their own personal surroundings

Key words

      Cartography Map Personal surroundings Directions Geographic information Scale

Outlines

• Introduction • History of cartography • Maps & their classification • Mapping tools (equipments) • Cartography today and tomorrow • Conclusion

Introduction

•Maps are important for daily lives. •It is never too late to learn how to use a map so that you can always find your way.

Definitions

•Cartography (from Greek

khartēs

, "map"; and

graphein

, "write"), or mapmaking, has been an integral part of the human story for a long time, possibly up to 8,000 years.

•Cartography is the science and study of making maps Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cartography

Why cartography is important?

• To communicate

geographic information

in a graphic form as a

digital image

map (

analog)

or a paper • To position the surroundings, location and ect.

• Graphics better than description —’A picture tells a thousand words’.

• «Map is the second geography»-N.Baranski

language of

History of cartography

  

Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet

In your best words, describe what a map means to you. Name different types of maps you may come across.

100 A.D. – geometry 1200 – Dark Ages 1300 – Renaissance 1680 – Enlightenment 1800s – Place => Space 1950+ -- Systems Approach

 What is a key used for? A legend? A compass?

 Why are maps important?

 Who designs maps? How do you think this is done?

1.Source: www.map

history

.info/ 2.History of cartography volume 1&2

Early maps

Modern maps

Types and classification of maps

Classed by Scale Small scale Medium scale Large scale Classed by Function General reference maps Thematic/special purpose maps Charts Classed by Subject Matter Cadastral maps Plans Soil, vegetation, precipitation, etc

Map making process

• • • • • • • Mapping involves information transformations: Data collection Selection Classification Simplification (упрощение) Exaggeration (преувеличение) Symbolization Use of map

The cartographer's task - explore the ramifications of each mapping possibility and choose the most appropriate for the intended task. Who is your audience?

Basic characteristics of all maps:

• • • • • • Location Attribution (приписывание) Reduction of reality Scale Geometrical transformation/projection Abstractions of reality

Mapping tools

Mapping in the western world has undergone six major technological revolution: • Manual • Magnetic (compass -12 th century) • Mechanical (

Mechanical Printing Press-16 th century)

• Optical (telescope 17 th century) • Photochemical (

Photography-19 th century)

• Electronics (computers, GPS, GIS, 1950-present)

Mapping tools (cont...)

Cartography now

• Digital databases are replacing the printed map as a means of storage of geographic information • Intergrated with spatial technologies (i.e.,Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems) and intergral part of Geographic Information Science (the science of the definition, use,analysis/interpretation of geographic information)

Cartography tomorrow

• Maps will not dissapear but will be transformed • Maps will still be present in the medium of communication • Increasing intergration of spatial technologies • Cartographic principles will aid as a guide for these developing spatial technologies

Summary

• Cartography is both an art and a science • It is a very robust sub-discipline of Geography which is rich and dynamic • The cartographic introduction we learned in this class will be directly useful in such classes as GIS and Remote Sensing • These principles will be important in other classes as you may have to understand maps or construct them for assignments or projects

Evaluation

Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet

 In your best words, describe what a map means to you.  Name different types of maps you may come across.  What is a compass used for? A legend?  Why are maps important?