Transcript 任务型阅读

2010.4.15
2010年考纲与2009相比差别
• 2010任务型阅读题目要求有所提高。把2009年
“根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文
相关的图表”改为“根据所读，用恰当的词语补
全全文提纲，概括关键内容。任务型阅读提供了
两种示例——表格式和树状式。题例中要求考生
根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个
最恰当的单词。注意每空一词。其中在第二示例
中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。
这些变化要求考生能够顺利读懂文章，并能够掌
握文章大意和分析文章结构框架。同时也要求考
生拥有扎实的语法和词汇知识，做到自如应用。
在平时的教学过程中，可以强化此类能力要求。
树状形
The Internet
先
总
后
分
The Internet offers information to us
Wecan(2)__
__Informati
on
throughout
the World,
because the
Internet can
Connect
millions of
computers.
The Internet is
often called the
“information
superhighway”,
because vast
of information
travel over it.
语篇结构
The Internet enables us to (1)_____
in a new way.
Thanks to(3)_____, we can keep in touch with
others wherever we are.
It has
changed the
(4)______Of
talking.
Through it, we
can talk with
our students
in London
About the
weather
experiment.
It has also
enabled us to
exchange
information at
(5)_____speed
than traditional
communicative
methods. Within a
short time, it lets
us(6)______anoth
er person who
has interest
in(7)____.Besides,
it helps us to send
information
(8)____the
advantages, we
should be
(9)_____when
using it,
because it May
not
be(10)_______if
someone has
access to our
receivers’
computer.
Analyze the structure of a passage.
A tree diagram
Title
information block
details
details
details
information block
details
details
details
表格式
Title: Change in Today’s Children
Main comparison
Different(1)_______
对
比
推
进
行文方式
Contexts
Children in the past just did what they
wre(2)____to.
Children today(3)______as if they were adults.
Different(2)_______
Children in the past never experienced(5)_______.
Sometimes sadness(6)______to children nowadays.
Different(7)_______to
get knowledge
Children in the past: in a (8)_______and guided
process
Children nowadays:by(9)______TV without
control
A phenomenon worth noting
The author’s
(10)______to children’s
change
He prefers communication through print for
children, which can control what children are to
learn.
The basic skills needed for
task-based reading
• Get the main idea by skimming.
• Scan for particular information
through fast reading.
• Have a knowledge of word formation
and similar expressions .
• Conclude from the context.
• Analyze the structure of the passage.
•
What are your problems
with Task-based reading ?
1.We can’t find out where the information is.
2. We can’t use correct forms of the words or
phrases.
3.We can’t get the main idea with the key
words.
4.We can’t understand the structure of the
passage.
单句
段落
篇章
Step One: How to get the main idea
1.Find the topic sentence.
2. Summarize (总结) the main idea.
Step Two:
How to find particular information
• Make sure of the requirement.
• Find the relevant information
from the passage.
• Choose what is suitable.
Step Three:
How to use a proper word to express
the similar meaning
• Use the correct form of the word from
the passage.
• Sometimes you need to use another
word to express the similar meaning.
What do you think is the
most difficult step?
Use a proper word to express
the similar meaning
Information
exchange
How to make Information
exchange
• 使用原词
• 变形转换
• 总结概括
南京一模
使用原词
• New research says 35 percent of child
deaths worldwide are caused by hunger.
The research comes from poor to
middle-income countries in Africa, Asia
and Latin America.
Title: a new research
Hunger
Theme
_______ is children’s biggest killer.
常州一模
In these days,world expositions were especially
focused on trade and famous for the display
of technological inventions and advancements
The word expositions were especially fixed on
trade and known for the (72 )___________
display
of technological inventions
常州一模
From Expo’88 in Brisbane onwards, countries started to
use World Expositions more widely and more strongly as a
platform to improve their national images through
their pavilions
World Expos began to be used more widely
and strobly as a platform for countries to
improve national(77)________
images
变形转换1（ change of parts of speech）
盐城二模
• Some people consider “yoof” to be a
negative term, since its pronunciaition
• Is easier and lazier than “youth”
One negative term:”Yoof” is easily
pronounced
and lazily(74)_____________.
凤凰台
Another great way to help yourself
motivated over the holiday is to find a friend
who’s interested in reading the same book
Ways to keep up your motivation
__________ for
reading
常州一模
2. World’s Fairs originated in the
French traditional of National exhibitions
origion
The (71)___________ of World’s Fairs
常州一模
The 1939 New York World’s Fair and the 1949
Stockolm Wordl’s Fair were differet from the
original focus of the expositions
differed
The focus of World’s Fairs (74)________
from the original one and became more
theme-based.
◆
常州一模
A large study…..showed that improving
national images was the primary
participation goal for 73% of the countriesat
Expo 2000
participating
73% of the countries (78)____________
in Expo 2000 used it as a channel for
nation brabding
◆
变形转换2 synonym antonym同义词和反义词转换
How to use another word to express the
same meaning as the one in the passage
常州一模
An important part of the image of World’
Fairs stems from this first era
In thia era, an important image of
World’s Fairs came into___________
being
◆
常州一模
As well as cultural and symbolic reasons,
organizing countries also use the world
exposition to brand themselves
Besides cultural and symbolic
_______
reasons, organizing countries made use
of the World Expo to promote themselves
◆(79)
泰州一模
• In the night of that first day of sight, I
should not be able to sleep, so full
would be my mind of the memories
of the day.
Unable to sleep, so full would be
• ________
her mind of the memories of the day!
变形转换3 paraphrase
to express something in another way
E.g. Footprints are one of the few pieces of
hard evidence supporting the idea that
there is Yeti.
Footprints are one of the few pieces of
hard evidence that support the _________
existence
of Yeti.
百校联考
At college level, there have been some big
increase in tuition over the last few years, so
some rural students have also been forced to
abandon their dreams.
With the college tuition increasing sharply,
rural students have no choice but to give up
their dreams.
变形转换4 Grammar andstructure
change
•
The remaining part hits the South
Atlantic at 200 times the speed of
sound.
•
One piece hits the South Atlantic at
a speed 200 times ________
that of
sound.
常州一模
Technology and inventions remained
important, but no longer as the principal
subjects of the fair.
Although
◆(76)___________
technology and
inventions were still important, they were
no longer regarded as the principal
subjects
南京二模
Pulitzer’s already failing health worsened
rapidly and he withdrew from direct
management of the newspaper.
from 1890, Pulitzer managed the
indirectly
newspaper(76)_________for
health
reason
◆
南通一模
2. E-mail has changed the speed with
which we exchange information.
In minutes, you can contact another
person who shares your hobby.
→E-mail has also enabled us to exchange
information at ___________ speed than
traditional communicative methods.
苏北四市
The”four tigers” ceremony” is vividly
held in memory of ancient times and a
living gossil for academics studying the
lives of ancient people.
vivid
→It brings back a(79)________memory
of the old times.
扬州期末
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue
when you cough or sneeze.
→Use a tissue when_________or
coughing sneezing.
百校联考B
The “Tigers” drank wine, knelt and
kowtowed to the mountaingod befor they
received Hada.
→Villagers(78)_______and
kowtow to
kneel
end the ceremony
8. 变形转换5 Agreement
•
In the arrival statement, Wen said he is
looking forward to the meeting with Singapore
on ways to deepen East Asia cooperation
between two nations so as to contribute to the
building of a peaceful, harmonious relationship.
Deepening East Asia cooperation
between two nations
The
significance
___________ to the establishment
of the visit Contributing
of a peaceful , harmonious
relationship
扬州期末
•
Severe illnessand death have occurred as a
result of illness associated with this virus.
Produce some serious symptoms
Symptoms
and results
Claim
___________ lives in severe cases
变形转换6 Meaning conclusion
To conclude from the context.
1.The problem is that parents are only educating
their children on how to take multiple-choice
tests and how to study well, but parents are
not teaching them the most important skills
they need to be confident, happy and clever.
Parents are only educating their children on
how to take multiple-choice tests and how to
study well ____________
of teaching them how
instead
to be confident, happy and clever.
… The ministry warned that thefts and
robberies inside or near banks rose rapidly,
with the victims mostly women and elderly people.（另选它词释义）
An annual report on________ cases
the number of criminal cases has a (2)_______ drop…
…
It advised people not to take
large amount of cash while
traveling, especially during
the approaching Spring
Festival season, which
always witnesses a large
number of crimes…….
main types of crimes
…
…
Theft and robbery accounted
for 80%; women and elderly
people were
mostly(7)__________
for;
targeted
people were advised
to(8)_________taking
a large
avoid
amount of cash.
… …
Urbanization
(1)____________
and development
Problems China is facing
(2)____________
Causes
Topic para. By the end of this
Energy shortage
decade, more
than half of
the for heavy
(5)_______supply;
demands
world’s population
live in rising
and chemicalwill
(6)_________;
urban populationbrings
and the(7) ________
cities. Urbanization
(3)_________pollution
of city life; to
(8)_________of
many problems
almost scale of
economy in small and medium sized
every country
in the world,
cities; the (9)_________level of
among which
energy
is one
of
township
enterprises
is low;
the most
serious one. of energy use
serious(10)_________
Low(4)________ in energy usage
in the building sector.
苏州期末
Everyone says the parent-teacher
conference should be pleasant, civilized, a
kind of dialogue where parents and teachers
build partnership. But what most teachers
feel, and certainly what all parents feel, is
anxiety and panic.
differencebetween assumption(假设) and
The __________
reality
常用归纳、概括词汇总结1
Because six out of every 10 accidental
deaths happen to Chinese children who are
playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson
Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US-based
pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe
Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.
Title: Safe kids program
Purpose/
The programme is intended to
_______
prevent accidental injuries adeaths.
Intention
常用归纳、概括词汇总结2
Most scientists are now certain that global
warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon
dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood,
together with industrial pollution, are creating a
warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is
trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the
temperature of the earth.
Title: Global warming
Gases from burnig coal, oil, and
_______
wood with industrial pollution.
Cause
常用归纳、概括词汇总结3
Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people
with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate
physical activity on at least five days of the week.
Title: Tai Chi helps control diabetes
Cathy
Moulton’s
suggestion
_______
For five days a week, people
with diabetses should do at least
30 minute’s physical activity.
常用归纳、概括词汇总结4
Doctor BlackHe says the studies show that food programs need to
place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. It is high
time their diets were improved. Diets should include foods rich in
vitamin A and other useful vitamins and minerals. The researchers
say early help such as this could reduce child deaths by 25%.
Title: A new research
ways
The________
●Diets should be improved.
to save
●Diets should contain food with rich
children
vitamins and minerals.
常用归纳、概括词汇总结5
Without proper planning, tourism can cause
problems．For example，too many tourists can crowd
public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a
country．If tourists create too much traffic，the
inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy．They begin to
dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely
Advantages
●Developing economy
●Keeping the
●Advancing of local people
●Increase employment
●Having a bad effect on other
●Bringing over crowdedness
__________
Disadvantages
●Increase pressure on traffic
概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)
概括性词
的特征
针对性（不能太大也不能太小，量体裁衣，大小适度)
醒目性（注意措辞）
部分概括性词：
reasons causes
results
effects
consequences
advice
suggestions
opinions
problems measures
solutions
ways
features
characteristics
advantages
disadvantages
differences
similarities
types
forms
names age sex time cost event purpose
信息转换题
1.解题关键: 根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换
成另一种表达方式。
常
见
的
2. 转
换
方
式
(1).词性转换
change of parts of
speech
(2). 另选其它词来释义
paraphrase
(3). 同义词和反义词转换 synonym antonym
(4).句子\语法结构转换 structure change
(5)变形转换6 Meaning conclusion
To conclude from the context.
分析表格
解题思路
理解文章
定位信息
分析整合信息
选择合适词汇表达
步骤方法
1.扫读：扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，
明确任务要求
2.略读：浏览全文，确定主题，理清框架结
构和段落大意
3.细读：带着问题深入阅读，定位所需信息
，分析整合、转换概括、准确表达
4.复读：认真校对，纠正错误
解题提示
• 重视文章段落和表格层次的一一对应
文章段落主题句 vs 表格里的小标题
文章段落细节
vs 表格详细内容
文章细节内容
表格小标题
• 做完后，审核？
词的大小写、单复数、动词的正确形式
Quality after-school programs are designed to
improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes
and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow
into healthy, successful adults.
The effect of quality after-school programs on
academic performance is clear. Studies show that students
who take part in such programs show better work habits,
higher rates of homework completion, improved grades,
and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have
fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school
programs also influence high-risk teen behavior.
Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use,
and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school
programs when compared to similar youth who do not.
Finally, after-school programs play an important role in
supporting the following fields of development: physical
development, mental development and social development.
Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is
an effective method to help young people become
contributing members of society.
Although there is enough proof from both small and
large assessments that after-school programs can make a
positive difference, it is important to note that not all
programs are equal.
First, dosage (时量) matters ---- young people who attend
the most hours over the most years benefit more than
members who attend less often or over a shorter period of
time. Next, after-school programs make bigger difference
for those students who need help most and have the
fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. Afterschool programs work best when they create unique
opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities
for positive relationships, skill building, meaningful
involvement (参与), expression, suggestion, service, and
work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in
the quality of a program.
The adults should treat youth as
partners, create safe and fair
environments, encourage
personalized (个性化的)
involvement, and actively create
learning opportunities. In short,
although after-school programs
have promising future, how they
are designed and run matters.
Purpose 1.(71)____________
Improving academic
performance
2. Decreasing youth crimes and
other high-risk behaviors
3. Helping young people grow into
healthy, successful adults
Effects 1. Improved academic
(72)_____
Helping young
performance
people become
● better work habits
members making
● higher rates of homework a(76)_________
contritution
completion
to society
● improved grades and
higher scores
● fewer absences and
less blame
(73)_____
2. Decreased high-risk teen,
behaviors
● decreased rates of crime
use/ abuse
●drug (74)_____________
● teen sex among youth
3 Various development
● physical development
mental
● (75) ________development
● social development
Factors 1. Dosage matters.
Students
2. (77) _________ matter.
3. Qualities matter.
The future of after-school
(78)
Conclusion
is promising,
___________ programs
but
(79)______ how to design and
run
the
programs
is
very
(80)
important
_________.
Thanks for
your attending!