Transcript Norway
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
Et lite land
Antall innbyggere: 4,5 millioner Areal: 307.860 km 2
A cold country…
A cold country… men mye varmere enn andre områder så langt mot nord, på grunn av Golfstrømmen
Only 3 % arable land
70 % is high plateaus and rugged mountains
A long coastline and 50.000 islands
Norway: The traditional view
Norge er også et moderne samfunn med høyt utdannet befolkning og et dynamisk næringsliv
Historie
Bebodd siden slutten av istiden (10 000 år siden) Vikingtid 800-1200 Union med Danmark i perioden 1200-1814 Egen grunnlov i 1814 Union med Sverige 1814-1905 Selvstendig i 1905
Historie
Nøytral, men okkupert av Nazi Tyskland i 1940 NATO-medlem 1949 Nei til EU i 1972 og 1994 In the course of a century, Norway has evolved from a quiet agrarian society to a dynamic, high-tech country
Kultur
Henrik Ibsen Knut Hamsun Sigrid Undset X X Dagens: Jan Kjærstad, Jostein Gaarder
Kultur
Edvard Munch Gustav Vigeland X X Dagens: Olav Christoffer Jensen, Odd Nerdrum, Per Maning, Marianne Heske…
Kultur
Edvard Grieg Kirsten Flagstad X X Dagens: Jan Garbarek, Leiv Ove Ansnes, A-ha, Røyksopp
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
Industry
Norway’s core markets: the Nordic region and Europe Membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) provides full access to the EU Single Market Oil & gas, fisheries, aquaculture, light metals
Norway is the world’s second largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia
4 % of the world´s production of aluminium 14 % of the world´s production of magnesium
Verdens nest største fiskeeksportør
Leading maritime nation
Norway has the world’s fourth largest merchant fleet, with 4,5 % of the world’s total tonnage
Norway – a specialized shipbuilder
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
Education
Andel med høy utdannelse: Blant de med høyest andel i Europa X X X X
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
13 Norwegian centres of Excellence
Theoretica l Linguistics Quality of Service in Communication Systems Ships and ocean structures Biology of memory Molecular biology and neuroscience Mathematics for applications Climate Research Centre and perifery in medieval Europe Study of Civil wars Physics of geological processes Integrated petroleum research Geohazards Aquaculture protein
Center for the Study of Civil War
Hvorfor bryter det ut borgerkrig?
Borgerkrig er dagens mest dominerende form for krig
Ships and Ocean Structures
Innovativ drift og konstruksjon av frem tidens skip og marine konstruksjoner
Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience
DNA-reparasjoner ved nevrologiske sykdommer og aldring av hjernen
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
Kunnskap om fortidens klima, havets rolle i hurtige klimaendringer og betydningen av forandringer i polarstrøkene
Forskning som drivkraft i havbruk
Produksjonskostnad per kilo laks
100 kroner 80 kroner Hitra vaksin e Stor merder 60 kroner 40 kroner Furunkolos e-vaksine ILA vaksine?
20 kroner 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
?
2005
Forskning som drivkraft i norsk olje og gassindustri
40 0 1.000
STBODP EKOFISK-feltet: Produksjon 30 0 20 0 1976 1981 1986 Forskning har gitt økt produksjon og større reserver!
1991 1996 0
Mison, et teknologieksempel
Samarbeid mellom kreative sivilingeniører, medisinske grunnforskere og kirurger
Mison, et teknologieksempel
Utstyr for å utføre hjernekirurgi ved hjelp av ultralydveiledet kikkhullsteknikk
DNA-merking av olje
Opplysninger om oljens opphav blir kodet ved hjelp av syntetiske DNA-molekyler
Kaupang – Norges første by
Utgravingene viser spor etter en liten by etablert på 700-tallet. 200 år før historikerne trodde Norges byer ble etablert
Gullmynter fra Nederland Bronsehest Glassperler fra Midt Østen og Asia
Funnene viser rik kontakt med omverden
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
Norwegian R&D efforts 1999: 25 500 R&D man-years
7.300
man-years – higher education sector 11.000 man-years – industry sector 7.100 man-years – institute sector
Norway spent NOK 20,5 billion/year on research in 1999
Sources of funding
Private sector 10 billion
Foreign sources + others NOK 2 billion
Public sector 8,5 billion Industry sector 9,5 billion
R&D performers
Institute sector 5 billion Higher education sector 6 billion
Total R&D expenditures in some OECD countries
(1981-1999) 4,0 % of GDP 3,0 Sweden Japan Finland USA OECD average 2,0 Denmark
Norway
1,0 1981 1991 1999
R&D expenditures financed by industry
(1995-1999) 5 % of industry’s gross product Sweden 4 Finland 3 2 1 Denmark OECD-average Norway 1995 1997 1999
New or improved products as a share of total turnover
(1996 (97))
Norway Denmark Finland Sweden Ireland
0 10 20 Improved New products 30 % 40
Relative citation index
(1980-2000) 1,3 Index in overlapping five years periods 1,2 1,1 1 Denmark Sweden Finland World average Norway 0,9 0,8 1980 1990 2000
R&D expenditures in industry by R&D fields
(1999) Other Offshore technology Energy supply/usage Biotechnology Aqua culture Material technology Pharmaceuticals Environmental technology Information and communication technology
Main challenges for Norwegian research and innovation
Strengthen financing, organisation and quality of research Secure future creation of wealth through a more knowledge intensive industry Strengthen productivity and quality of services in the public sector Strengthen the universities Strengthen the coordination of science policy in and between the ministries
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
The Research Council allocates ~30 % of all public sector R&D funding Private sector 10 billion
Foreign sources + others NOK 2 billion The Research Council NOK 3.3 billion 57 % 36 % 7 %
Institute sector R&D performers
2001
The Research Council of Norway (1) Semi-autonomous government agency funded by 15 ministries Activities in both basic and applied research in all scientific fields
The Research Council of Norway (1) Semi-autonomous government agency funded by 15 ministries Activities in both basic and applied research in all scientific fields
Vision:
A society that values research-based knowledge as a source of enrichment, learning and innovation
A strategic body designed to be
An important research adviser to the Norwegian government Identifying research needs Proposing research priorities Norway’s main research funding body Implementing national research policy measures by allocating funds to research programmes and projects A network builder between researchers, funding sources and research users
Priorities 2001-2006
Basic science Marine science and technology Information and communication technology Energy and environment Medicine and health
Main objectives and strategies
2002–2006 Research of high quality A well-functioning research system Increased research-based value creation and renewal A future-oriented research policy
Main objectives and strategies
2002–2006
Research of high quality
Improved framework conditions More competition and openness Increased interaction Increased concentration Increased internationalisation
Main objectives and strategies
2002–2006
A well-functioning research system
More co-operation and mobility Continuous assessment of structure of and co-operation in the research system Make the research profession attractive
Main objectives and strategies
2002–2006
Increased research-based value creation and renewal
A good balance between developing scientific disciplines and use of competence Further development of the tax incentives and increased funding of industrial R&D More research improving production of services in the public sector Dissemination of research results into society
Main objectives and strategies
2002–2006
A future-oriented research policy
Greater focus on innovation policy An extended mandate for the Ministry of Education and Research (UFD) Increased internationalisation
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
Budget development (1993-2003)
4000 3500 3000 2500 Mill. NOK 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1993 1995 1997 1993-NOK 1999 2001 2003
Funding received from the ministries Total NOK 4.245 million
(2003) Administration The Research Fund Miscellaneous ministries 529 197 Ministry of Education and Research 1 075 Ministry of Environment 118 Ministry of Agriculture 221 Ministry of Fisheries 313 235 235 Ministry of Petroleum and energy 845 Ministry of Trade and Industry
Total budget by activities Total NOK 4.245 million
(2003) Misc.
FuGe Programmes Infrastructure Independent projects
Budget by activities
(1994 -2003) 1500 Mill. NOK
Programmes
1000 500 0 1994
Infrastructure Independent projects
Misc.
1996 1998 2000
FuGe
2002
Norway
Norwegian research
The Research Council of Norway
The Research Council of Norway
Director General Staff International staff Administration Communication Division of Science Division for Strategic Priorities Division for Innovation