Transcript 1945 – 1980 - Free to move

History of Aviation
I.E.S. Gil de Junterón
“One can never consent to creep
when one feels an impulse to soar”.
Helen Adams Keller
Is it imposible to fly?
Marc Chagall
INTRODUCTION
The history of aviation is a story of man’s desire
to fly through the sky like a bird. His dream was
always ‘to imitate this’.
DAEDALUS AND ICARUS
Almost all old cultures contain myths about flying creatures,
but undoubtedly, the Greek legend of Daedalus and Icarus is
the most well known.
<<…“...finding, father and son,
prisoners on the island of Minos,
they constructed wings of feathers
and wax to escape. Icarus, drunk on
the excitement of flying, flew too
close to the sun and the wax on the
wings began to melt, causing him to
fall in the sea and die...”>>
THE BEGINNING…
The first person to write
in a serious and scientific
manner about the
possibility of flying.
He suggested methods of
making the air thinner,
500 years before it would
be implemented.
THE BEGINNING…
However, Leonardo
Da Vinci was the first
person who dedicated
himself to a project
about flying machines.
THE BEGINNING…
He designed gliders
that used the same
mechanisms as birds to
fly, through a constant
movement of the wings
upwards and downwards,
creating the ability to
fly supported by the air
flow.
THE BEGINNING…
While some dreamt
of flying like a bird,
others would rather
support it and try
to disappear in the
air.
HOT AIR BALLOON
The first successful
flight of a hot air balloon
was encouraged by the
priest Bartolomeu
Lourenço de Gusmão
who achieved to raise
an aerostat in 1709. It
was called ‘passarola’ and
it reached 3 meters
above the ground.
HOT AIR BALLOON
However, in 1833 the
French Jacques
Charles was the one
who invented the
first hot balloon with
hydrogen which was
consolidated for the
next two hundred
years after its
invention.
AIRSHIP OR DIRIGIBLE
The dirigible was invented
by Henri Giffard in 1852.
It was an aerostat steered
and propelled to be used as an
aircraft. It was the first
flying machine that could be
controlled for a long flight.
The first one in France could
fly 24 kilometers using a small
steam engine.
AIRSHIP OR DIRIGIBLE
The construction of
the first dirigible
Zeppelin started in
Germany in 1899.
After the invention of the hot air balloon
and the dirigible, inventors moved to create a
machine heavier than the air that could fly in
the air by its own means.
GLIDERS
Gliders are able to support controlled flight for a time.
In 1799, George Cayley designed a glider with a tail and
a space where the pilot could be placed behind the center of
gravity of the machine giving stability to the aircraft.
PLANES
In 1890, Climent Ader built a plane he called Etole,
equipped with a steam-powered engine. It took off but he
could not control it and the plane only flew 50 meters.
PLANES
In the same decade, the Wright
brothers became the first designer
team that did serious attempt in order
to solve aerodynamics, control and
power problems that affected all the
planes that were made on those times.
They made a biplane and called it
Flyer.
In 1910 they make their first
commercial flight in the world and
it lasted one hour and two minutes.
PLANES
Henri Fabre flew for the first time in a hydroplane (a
plane that is able to take off and ditch on water) that he
named Le Canard.
1914–1918: WORLD WAR I
During World War I planes were used on in offensive,
defensive and reconnaissance missions. They discovered how
useful planes were to spy the enemy. It was a safe way to
locate the enemy army and bases.
1914–1918: WORLD WAR I
When using planes to spy the enemy a problem aroused:
planes usually came across other planes so they equipped planes
with weapons on board.
1918–1939: BETWEEN THE WARS,
AVIATION GOLDEN AGE
During this period
there were great
advancements in
aircraft technology.
The first airlines
companies started to
operate. Aeroplanes
evolved from wood to
aluminium and from lowpowered to highpowered engines.
1939–1945: WORLD WAR II
Thus, World War II was
characterised by a growth in the
production of aeroplanes, and a
great development in the
technology related to aviation.
Also, during the conflict the first
long-distance bombers were
developed, as well as the first
practical jet aeroplanes and the
first jet-engined fighters.
Besides, the use of flying boats
became more widespread, especially
for exploration, rescue and attack
works.
THE AUTOGYRO
In the decade of the 1920s, Juan de la Cierva y Codorniú, born in Murcia,
started to develop a rotary wing (rotor blade) aircraft which can be
considered as a hybrid between an aeroplane and a helicopter, which came
to be called autogyro, gyroplane, gyrocopter or rotaplane.
After his death, the research concerning the autogyro was virtually paralysed,
and all the efforts were focused on the development of the helicopter.
1945–1980
Turbo-propeller planes
Once World War II was over, aircraft-building companies began
to create models specially designed for passenger transport.
Boeing 377 Stratocruiser:
It was the first aeroplane in
history with a doubledecker sitting arrangement.
It could take between 75
and 100 passengers from
New York to Paris non-stop,
at a cruise speed of over
500km/h.
1945–1980
The age of jet aeroplanes
De Havilland Comet
was the first jet –engine
business aircraft.
Boeing 707,
the first successful jet
engine passenger aircraft.
1945–1980
Wide- body airliners
These are
business
aircrafts with
three rows of
seats separated
by two corridors.
Boeing 747,
known as Jumbo jet, able to transport over 500 passengers.
It was the largest business and passenger aircraft until the
appearance of Airbus A380, already in the 21st century.
1945–1980
Supersonic airliners
Tupolev
Tu-144 was
the first
business and
passenger
soviet plane in
the world.
1945 – 1980
Supersonic airliners
Concorde came from the collaboration between France and
the United Kingdom both in the development and the making
of the aircraft. Only 20 of them were built.
Up to the present time, these have been the only two
business supersonic airliners developed.
FROM THE EARTH TO SPACE
Sputnik (1957)
Soviet satellite
was the first one
which orbited the
Earth and in 1961,
a Soviet cosmonaut
Yuri Gagarin was
the first human to
journey into outer
space.
FROM THE EARTH TO SPACE
Some months later, Alan Shepard was chosen for the first American
manned mission into space and some years later, he was also chosen for the
first Apollo mission on the Moon. On July 20, 1969,
became the first to step onto the lunar surface.
Alan Shepard
Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong,
NOWADAYS
The original Boeing 777 first entered in service in 1994.
Furthermore, it is the first entirely computer-designed
commercial aircraft. At present, it is the largest twinjet in the
world.
WHAT WILL THE FUTURE BRING?
We still continue our investigations with new ‘cleaner’ energy sources such
as ethanol, electricity or even solar energy with the aim of achieving
improvements, higher security standards and efficiency in planes building
process.
In fact, NASA launched
Helios, an aircraft which was a
proof-of-concept solar electricpowered flying wing, designed to
operate at high altitudes for long
duration flight. Helios reached an
official world record altitude for
a non-rocket powered aircraft.
NASA sees great potential for
the use of high-altitude, longendurance solar aircrafts as lower
cost satellites.
“Learning to fly
is not an
impossible task.
Just starting
for thinking,
the limit is in
your mind”
Carolina Dilo
http://www.xatakaciencia.com/tecnologia/videola-historia-de-la-aviacion-en-3-minutos-y-pico