Transcript 专题1.演化经济地理学
理论专题1：演化经济地理学 理论专题1：演化经济地理学 • 演化经济地理学: 经济地理学发展的新方向 • Evolutionary economics and economic geography • Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science http://www.dudebin.co/world/ 演化经济地理学初现端倪 • 演化经济学 对经济系统中新奇的创生、传播和由此导致的结 构转变进行研究的科学 ——Foss, 1994 新奇是新的行动可能性的发现,是人类创造性的结 果 ——Witt ,1992 • 演化经济学对经济地理学的影响 • 演化经济地理学研究的兴起 http://www.dudebin.co/world/ 演化经济地理学的基本主张 • 研究假设上的主张 – 反对完全理性的“经济人”假设 – 专注于经济系统的动态过程 – 认为演化结果非最优化 http://www.dudebin.co/world/ 演化经济地理学的基本主张 • • • • • 系统论是其分析方法 新奇是演化的根本动力 历史是演化的基础 惯例是演化的轨道 多样性是演化的方向 http://www.dudebin.co/world/ 研究的基本层面与基本议题 • • • • 企业/ 组织层面 产业/ 区域层面 空间系统层面 制度层面 http://www.dudebin.co/world/ 评价 • 演化经济学给经济地理研究提供了新思路 • 问题 – 理论来源本身有问题 – 未能全面吸收当代经济地理学的其他理论 – 研究内容尚未构成一个严密的体系 – 经验研究范围不广泛 http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Evolutionary economics and economic geography • 演化经济地理学是运用演化经济学的主要 概念,如选择、路径依赖、机会和收益递增 等来研究经济地理的两大主题 – 区域环境的空间特性对技术变革的新变化形式 的潜在影响 – “新奇”如何影响空间系统的长期演化 http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science • Introduction – Methodenstreit has been raging in the field of economic geography – Evolutionary economics can be considered a third approach in economic geography – Objective is to outline the basic elements of Evolutionary Economic Geography http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Methodenstreit in economic geography • Institutional turn in economic geography Application of neoclassical economics – Institutional and neoclassical approaches differ in methodology – Behavioural assumptions underlying explanations of economic phenomena http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Three key issues in economic geography • Usefulness of formal modelling • Assumption debate • Conceptualization of time http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Interface between NEG and EEG • Common features – Possibility of multiple equilibria – Explaining how uneven spatial patterns emerge from uniform or ‘neutral space’ http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Interface between NEG and EEG • Difference – Assumptions of utility maximization of economic agents and homogeneity of agents (‘the representative agent’) – Economic levels of aggregation – Treatment of dynamics – Underlying theory of agglomeration economies http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Interface between IEG and EEG • Difference – Attitude towards formal modelling – Treatment of context http://www.dudebin.co/world/ Summary of EEG • Combine appreciative theorizing (inductive) and formal modelling (deductive) • Take firms, and their routines, as the basic but not the sole unit of analysis • Describes the spatial evolution of sectors and networks as a dynamic coevolutionary process transforming neutral space into real places http://www.dudebin.co/world/