Transcript Foul Recognition, Selection & Severity

Foul Recognition, Selection & Severity
– the Science of Decision Making
Richard Baker
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Foul Recognition
Calling fouls in a football match is an
art that must be developed with
experience and practice.
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Foul Recognition
• First Step – recognise when a foul has
been committed.
• Second Step – select the foul that you
are going to call and whistle.
• Third Step – determine the severity of
the foul.
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What is needed for a foul?
• Ball needs to be in play
• Offence must be against an opponent*
• Offence must happen on the field of
play
*except for deliberate handling….
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Foul Recognition
• Work and Move
To be able to recognise a foul you have to be
able to see it.
This means being about 15 to 20 metres from
the play and at the right angle to view.
Most importantly don’t grow roots! Even if the
game is slow or easy or does not require much
movement, always keep moving.
This can be a walk, jog or backpedal. Stopping
leads to trying to look around or over players.
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Foul Recognition
• Make the Easy Calls
Do not over think things. Relax and call the
easy fouls that the players give you.
If there is a simple trip in the middle of the
pitch, call it.
This will get you into the match and will
increase your game control.
If you think about a play too long before
deciding, the opportunity to decide is gone.
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Foul Recognition
• Go Where the Ball is Going, not Where
it is (WWG).
Move to where the ball will be next and not get
stuck watching where it is now.
Understand the options that are available to
the player and anticipate where play will be.
Over time, your ability to read play and
anticipate where the ball is going will improve.
Watch and Learn. Be flexible and understand
the options.
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Foul Recognition
• Do a Pre-Game Instruction with AR’s
Make sure to cover fouls and their role in
recognising and calling fouls to assist you.
Discuss how you want to call the match (loose
versus tight) and ask them to adjust to your
style for consistency.
If they see a foul you may not have seen, what
do you want them to do?
Have a plan and help the whole referee team
to execute it.
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Foul Recognition
• Look Through Play to Your AR
By running the diagonal and keeping play
between you and your AR this will usually keep
you positioned to see play and fouls.
This position will tell you when to be wide and
when to be tight to play.
You will not only be at a good angle to see play
and/or a foul, you will be able to capitalise on
the help of your AR’s.
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Foul Recognition
• Find the Right Focus Point
What part of the players are you watching
during a match? Most inexperienced referees
tend to watch player’s feet.
A better place to start is about mid-thigh.
If there is more activity around the shoulders
and chest (typical of men’s play), then move
the focus point a bit higher to catch these fouls
in your peripheral vision.
If there is more activity at the calves, thighs
and waist (typical of women’s play) move your
focal point a bit lower to catch this action.
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Foul Selection
• There are probably a thousand fouls in
a 90 minute football game.
• If you called every foul that occurred,
the players and spectators would not
enjoy the match and the game would
stall to a crawl, lacking tempo and
rhythm.
• The art of refereeing starts with
learning to select those fouls to call
and those not to call.
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Foul Selection
• Trifling Fouls
Constant whistling of trifling fouls will destroy the
flow of the game and generate frustration in the
players, coaches and spectators.
Fouls that do not have an impact on the ability of
the player to play the ball should not be called.
They are fouls and it is important to recognise that
they are fouls but not important enough to stop
play.
If not calling the foul has a negative impact on your
ability to officiate the match or undermines your
authority as the referee, they are not trifling and
warrant the stoppage.
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Foul Selection
• Use of Advantage
Advantage is an advanced skill that tells everyone that you saw a foul
but have decided that calling the foul would be more damaging to the
fouled team than not calling the foul.
Some referees invoke advantage in their mind and seldom make it
public with a sweeping gesture with the arms and a loud “Play on –
advantage”.
If you do not let the players around you know that it is an advantage
decision, how can they know that you recognised it and gave them the
opportunity to play the ball.
In their mind, you may appear unaware and they just got lucky.
The referee should wait 3-4 seconds for the advantage to be
completely realised. If the anticipated advantage doesn’t happen the
referee should stop the play and award the free kick for the original
foul.
– Note: the advantage might be a shot on goal (not the goal itself)
– Or the ability to pass to a teammate (not the completion of the
pass)
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Foul Selection
• Feel the Heat
An effective referee can sense when a game is turning
from a friendly situation to a tempest in a teapot.
Look into a player’s eyes. Read their body language.
Listen to the tension, volume and intensity of their
voice.
If the pulse of the game increases, your effort should
increase with it.
If the game begins to come to the boil, tighten your foul
selection. If the game cools, loosen your foul selection.
Remember as tempers flare, you have to remain under
control and bring calm back into the match.
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Foul Serverity
• Once you have mastered recognising
and selecting fouls, the final step is to
define the severity of the foul.
• The indirect free kick fouls are seldom
a major issue since they do not
typically involve contact or violence.
• However, seven of the ten direct free
kick fouls need to be defined as
careless, reckless, or using excessive
force.
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Law 12 – Fouls & Misconduct
Direct Free Kicks
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•
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kicks or attempts to kick an opponent *
trips or attempts to trip an opponent *
jumps at an opponent *
charges an opponent *
strikes or attempts to strike an opponent *
pushes or attempts to push an opponent *
tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball,
making contact with the opponent before touching
the ball *
* In a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or
using excessive force.
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Law 12 – Fouls & Misconduct
Additional Direct Free Kicks
• holds an opponent
• spits at an opponent
• handles the ball deliberately (except for the
goalkeeper within his/her own penalty area)
A Direct free kick is taken from the place where the
offence occurred.
* A penalty kick is awarded if any of the preceding ten offences are
committed by a player inside his/her own penalty area, irrespective
of the position of the ball, provided it is in play.
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Law 12 – Fouls & Misconduct
Foul Severity
• Careless means that the player shows a lack of attention or
consideration when making his challenge – without precaution.
They are fouls that are not trifling and need to be whistled but
lack the need to do more than whistle and point the direction of
play. They are simple and easy fouls. No further disciplinary
sanction is needed if a foul is judged to be careless.
• Reckless means that the player has made the action with
complete disregard for, danger to, or consequences for his
opponent. These fouls must be dealt with using more than just
a whistle and signal – they are not acceptable. A caution is
needed if a player plays in a reckless manner.
• Excessive means that the player has far exceeded the
necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.
If a player plays using excessive force he should be sent from
the field of play. Do not waiver always send the player off.
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Law 12 – Fouls & Misconduct
Indirect Free Kicks
An IFK is awarded if a goalkeeper, in his/her own
penalty area, comments any of the following offences:
• Controls the ball with his hands for more than six
seconds before releasing it from his possession.
• Touches the ball again with his hands after he has
released it from his/her possession and before it has
touched another player.
• Touches the ball with his/her hands after it has been
deliberately kicked to him/her by a team mate.
• Touches the ball with his/her hands after he/she has
received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team
mate.
* The indirect free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.
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Law 12 – Fouls & Misconduct
Indirect Free Kicks
An IFK is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the
opinion of the referee, a player:
• Plays in a dangerous manner.
• Impedes the progress of an opponent.
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from
his/her hands.
• Commits any other offence, not previously mentioned
in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or
send off a player.
* The indirect free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.
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What elevates a foul to
misconduct?
• point of contact
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–
–
–
ankle
knee
thigh
on the body
• direction of contact
– from the side
– from the front
– from behind
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What elevates a foul to
misconduct?
• time of contact
–
–
–
–
before ball arrives
as the ball arrives
after ball is gone
during a “break away”
• severity of contact
– reckless
– excessive force
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What elevates a foul to
misconduct?
• intent of contact
–
–
–
–
intimidate
retaliate
injure
stop the play
• result of the contact
– triggers retaliation
– loss of referee control
– stops a goal scoring opportunity
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Law 12
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•
A tackle, which endangers the safety of an opponent, must be sanctioned as
serious foul play.
Any player that lunges at an opponent in challenging for the ball from the
front, from the side or from behind using one or both legs, with excessive
force and endangering the safety of an opponent is guilty of serious foul play.
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Foul Recognition
What’s Your Decision
Developing consistency will depend on the following factors, and your ability
to apply/judge them in a game. Remember the assumption is that the
referee has the right position, angle and proximity to the incident.
Considerational Factors (Characteristics) Remember – ‘DO A SCIP’
D = Danger / Safety / Aggression / Intensity / Force to opponent
O = Opportunity to play the ball fairly
A = Atmosphere of the Match (Understanding what’s at stake / the teams involved)
S = Speed – Attacker and Defender
C = Careless, Reckless or Excessive Force
I = Intent – What were the intentions of the offender? / Identifying Body Language
P = Position of the tackler (Front, Side, Behind)
Non-Considerational Factors
• Players, coaches, spectators (Opinions, noise, pressure)
• The result of the match (Irrelevant to us)
• The time of the incident (an opportunity to be consistent)
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Referee’s Decision Making Process
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Foul Recognition, Selection & Severity
– the Science of Decision Making
Refereeing a football game and calling fouls is
not a black and white affair, there is a lot of
grey areas. It takes experience, skill and
education to maneuver in these murky
waters.
Seek the advice of a mentor, assessor,
instructor or experienced referee.
Learn and develop a sense of how the game
is played and how it meshes or conflicts with
the Laws of the Game.
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Foul Recognition, Selection & Severity
– the Science of Decision Making
Thank you for your attention
and participation.
Are there any questions?
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