Transcript TGMD 3 PowerPoint

The Test of Gross Motor
Development-3rd Edition:
Uses, Administration, Scoring,&
National and International Norms
Dale A. Ulrich, PhD
Director, Center for Physical Activity
& Health in Pediatric Disabilities
School of Kinesiology
University of Michigan
[email protected]
Test Structure
Subtests and Skills-* reflects new skills
A. Locomotor Subtest:
1. Run
2. Gallop
3. Hop
4. Skip*
5. H. Jump
6. Slide
B. Object Control Subtest:
1. Two-Hand Strike of a Stationary Ball
2. Forehand Strike of a Ball*
3. One-Hand Stationary Dribble
4. Two-Hand Catch
5. Kick a Stationary Ball
6. Overhand Throw
7. Underhand Throw*
Test Uses
1.Diagnostic evaluation to determine
child’s eligibility for adapted physical
education.
National norms (Goal of 1300) children
and International norms for ages 3-10 by
gender. About 5% will have a disability.
2. Plan instruction based on the child’s
strengths and weaknesses. Identify
which skills need work and which criteria
in the skill needs improvement.
Test Uses
3. Monitor the child’s progress in acquiring
gross motor behaviors.
•Requires reassessment over time
•Count the number of learned movements for
each skill and within each subtest
•Determine the amount of change in the child’s
norm score.
Absolute change : child learned 9 new
performance criteria.
Relative change: 7th %ile to 12th %ile score
4. Research- Motor development,
physical activity, and intervention studies
involving children with and without
disabilities.
Test Administration
1. You must learn to observe and analyze the
specific performance criteria for all 13 skills.
The 6 locomotor skills have 23 performance
criteria.
The 7 object control skills have 27
performance criteria.
Use highly skilled children first and then use
children that display movement errors.
Establish a clear mental picture of what the
performance criterion looks like.
Scoring the Kick Item
1. Rapid continuous approach
2. An elongated stride before ball contact
3. Nonkicking foot placed close 4. Kicks ball with instep on
to the ball
preferred foot
Test administration
2. Determine the child’s preferred hand
and foot.
3.Provide 1 demonstration that includes
all of the performance criteria.
Who has to give the demonstration?
4. Give the child 1 practice trial to make
sure they understand the task.
Scoring the Test
1. Give the child 2 test trials and score all
performance criteria on each trial.
2. If the child displays the performance
criterion correctly, score a “1” in the
column for that trial. If they do not display
the performance criterion correctly, score a
“0”. Score both trials
3. Calculate the performance criterion score
by summing the two trials and place in the
column labeled “score”. Do this for all
performance criteria.
Scoring the Test
4. Calculate the skill score by summing
the performance criteria scores and place
in the cell labeled skill score
5. Calculate the locomotor and object
control subtest scores by summing the 6
or 7 skill scores within each subtest.
Place these scores on the first page of the
score sheet under “raw score”.
Using the Norms
Information Needed :
• Child’s age in years & months
• Gender
• Locomotor subtest score
• Object control subtest score
• Refer to norm tables
• I hope to have electronic web based
scoring.
Converting the TGMD-3 for Use in Other
Countries
1. Contact a publishing company in your
country who agrees to publish the test.
2. Contact Matt Newey at
[email protected] to arrange for
licensing and publishing rights in that country.
3.Collect national norms in your country
using your census data
General Scoring Notes
*Directions for all items require you to first give the
child a good demonstration of the skill which includes
the performance criteria, give the child a practice trial,
followed by 2 test trials.
Score each performance criterion as 1= performs
correctly as described or 0= performs incorrectly.
** Performance criteria scores are calculated by
summing the score for trial 1 & trial 2
*** Skill scores are calculated by summing down
across all of the performance criteria scores for each
skill.
General Scoring Notes
**** The total locomotor subtest score is calculated
by summing the 6 locomotor skill scores.
# The total object control subtest score is
calculated by summing the 7 object control skill
scores
$ The total gross motor test score is calculated by
summing the total locomotor and object control
subtest scores.
Other Recommendations and Notes
1. When testing any child, if you are unsure
of whether the child performed a
performance criterion correctly, do not
guess.
Administer another trial and just look at
that performance criterion again and score
it.
Other Recommendations and Notes
2. It is recommended that when testing young
children or children with a disability who appear
to be distracted easily, to have them stand on a
poly spot or other marker and tell them to
stand on the marker to watch your
demonstration.
It is also helpful to use another poly spot or
marker as the child’s starting position for the
locomotor skills.
Giving these children more structure during
testing should be helpful.
Other Recommendations and Notes
3. Administer the items in any sequence to
maximize the child’s motivation to perform.
4. We will be developing visual supports
(pictures, video clips, task cards) for use with
children with intellectual disabilities and
autism. These will be available on a web site
to access.
Reviewing the Skills and the
Performance Criteria
The Run item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arms move in opposition to legs with elbows bending
Brief period where both feet are off the surface
Narrow foot placement landing on heel or toes, not flat-footed
Nonsupport leg bent about 90 degrees so foot is close to buttocks
The Gallop item
1. Arms are bent and lifted to about waist level at takeoff.
2. A step forward with lead foot followed with the trailing foot landing beside or a
little behind the lead foot.
3. Brief period where both feet come off the surface
4. Maintains a rhythmic pattern for 4 consecutive gallops
The Hop item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Non-hopping leg swings forward in pendular fashion to produce force.
Foot on non-hopping leg remains behind hopping leg (does not cross in front of)
Arms flex and swing forward to produce force.
Hops 4 consecutive hops on preferred foot before stopping.
The Skip item
1. A step forward followed by a hop on the same foot.
2. Arms are flexed and move in opposition to legs to produce force.
3. Completes 4 continuous rhythmical alternating skips.
The Horizontal Jump item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prior to take off both knees are flexed and arms are extended behind back.
Arms extend forcefully forward and upward reaching above the head.
Both feet come off the floor together and land together.
Both arms are forced downward during landing.
The Slide item
1. Body is turned sideways so shoulders remain aligned with the line on the floor.
2. A step sideways with the lead foot followed by a slide with the trailing foot
where both feet come off the surface
3. 4 continuous slides to the preferred side
4. 4 continuous slides to the non-preferred side.
The Two Hand Strike item
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Child’s preferred hand grips bat above non-preferred hand.
Child’s non-preferred hip/shoulder faces in the direction of straight ahead.
Hip & Shoulder rotate and de-rotate during swing.
Steps toward ball with non-preferred foot.
Hits ball straight ahead.
The Forehand Strike of a Ball
1.
2.
3.
4.
Child takes a backswing with the paddle when ball is dropped.
Steps toward the ball with the non-preferred foot.
Strikes ball forward toward wall.
Paddle follows through toward non-preferred shoulder.
The One Hand Stationary Dribble item
1. Contacts ball with one hand at about waist level.
2. Pushes ball with fingertips (not slapping at ball).
3. Maintains control of the ball for 4 bounces without moving their feet to retrieve
the ball.
The Two Hand Catch item
1. Child’s hands are positioned in front of their body with the elbows flexed.
2. Arms extend reaching for the ball as it arrives.
3. Ball is caught by hands only.
Kick a Stationary Ball item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rapid continuous approach to the ball.
Child takes an elongated stride or leap just prior to ball contact.
Non-kicking foot placed close to the ball.
Kicks ball with instep of preferred foot (not the toes).
The Overhand Throw item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Windup is initiated with a downward movement of hand and arm.
Rotates hip & shoulder to the point where the non-preferred side faces the wall.
Steps with the foot opposite the throwing hand toward the wall.
Throwing hand follows through after ball release across body toward the hip on
the non-throwing side.
The Underhand Throw item
1.
2.
3.
4.
Preferred hand swings down & back reaching behind the trunk.
Steps forward with the foot opposite the throwing hand.
Ball is tossed forward hitting the wall without a bounce.
Hand follows through after ball release to about chest level.
There is a critical need to develop and test
new motor skill/behavior tests for children.
Please consider doing this scientific work.
Questions and Comments? in Children
(6-12)