Year 10 GCSE PE Lesson 4

Learning Skills

Learning Objectives

• Be able to explain the stages of learning a new skill.

• Be able to explain the different types of practices that can be used when learning a new skill

Starter

• • 1. Draw a diagram explaining the information processing model •

2

. Define the term feedback and explain the importance of it to an athlete.

3. There are two types of feedback what are they?

4 name the two components of feedback what are they and give an example for each of your answers

Answers to Starter

KP and KR

KP Knowing how you performed regardless of result KR Tells you what you achieved but not how you did it

Knowledge of Results

• David Beckham knows his free kick is successful from the information he receives from the crowds reaction, team mates and coach

Tennis Match the more times the shot is played, the more feedback you will get. The more feedback you get, the better the chance of success Decide what shot to play INPUT How fast the ball is coming and where your opponent is OUTPUT select to play lob FEEDBACK Player cannot get the ball back , your point

Skill Development

When we choose to move, the action is controlled by the conscious brain using a collection of learned movements.

For the movement to progress successfully, the athlete requires information feedback.

HOW DO WE LEARN NEW SKILLS DISCUSS?

GUIDANCE

When you are learning a new skill you usually need help or GUIDANCE from a

coach, teacher, trainer or friend

There are 3 types of

Guidance

can you name them?

VISUAL THIS IS THE GUIDANCE YOU CAN LOOK AT Guidance

Guidance MANUAL THIS IS THE GUIDANCE YOU CAN FEEL VERBAL THIS IS THE GUIDANCE YOU CAN LISTEN TO

Origami Challenge

• Origami challenge using visual and verbal guidance.

Types of Skill

• • • • Cognitive - or intellectual skills that require thought processes Perceptual information - interpretation of presented Motor - movement and muscle control Perceptual Motor - involve the thought, interpretation and movement skills

Phases To Learning A NEW SKILL

• Fitts and Posner (1967) suggested that the learning process is sequential and that we move through specific phases as we learn 1.Cognitive phase 2.Associative phase 3. Autonomous phase

Cognitive Phase

• Identification and development of the component parts of the skill • involves formation of a mental picture of the skill

Associative Phase

• • Linking the component parts into a smooth action.

Involves practicing the skill and using feedback to perfect the skill

Autonomous Phase

• • Developing the learned skill so that it becomes automatic.

Involves little or no conscious thought or attention whilst performing the skill - not all performers reach this stage

Skill Development

• • • The learning of physical skills requires the relevant movements to be assembled, component by component.

Using feedback to shape and polish them into a smooth action. Rehearsal of the skill must be done regularly and correctly.

How do you learn a new skill.

• • • • There are several different ways that skills can be learnt: •

Part Method: Whole Method Variable Practice Fixed Practice

Whole Practice

• • • • • Repeating the skill as

one exercise

, without breaking it up into parts easily (subroutines) . Sometimes the skill cannot be broken down Somersault For example dribbling in football Start dive in swimming Catching a ball

Part Practice

• • • • This is where you break the skill into separate manageable parts.

Parts broken down into

SUB-ROUTINES

You practice each component

individually

This is a very common way of learning a skill.

• Think of a skill from a sport where this practice is necessary?

The Tennis Serve

• • • • •

The grip of the racket The Stance How to throw up the ball The Swing Follow through

Variable Practice

• This type of practice is important when learning

OPEN SKILLS

• It is when you

practice the skill

in lots of

different settings.

In pairs discuss and come up with 3 different sporting examples

Examples of Variable Practice • Cricketer playing shots according to the type and speed of the delivery he receives.

Fixed Practice

• This is the type of practice that is used for learning CLOSED SKILLS • Skill repeated under the same

enviromental conditions.

• Think of 3 sporting examples

Fixed Practice

• • For example a golfer will practice his long Iron or driver shots repeatedly.

The setting of the skill remains the same

Transferring skills into a game situation

Skills need to transfer into game situations and coaches use two training methods to develop

tactics

and

strategies

:

•

Modified games

use different rules or formats to give players plenty of contact with the ball, eg five-a-side football.

•

Conditioned games

have rule changes that focus on specific skills or tactics, eg two-touch football to develop control and passing.

Summary

• • • • Every time you perform a skill you get information from your body.

You will make a decision on what to do next based on previous experiences and this will alter your previous performance.

This means that if the output was not successful , the next time you are in a similar situation you may select a different skill to make your performance better.

If the outcome was successful more likely to try it again in a similar situation.